January 2023 - nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

Re: [nexa] Survival of the Richest

by ilbancodeivolontari＠libero.it

Scusate ho mancato di allegatere : società predatoria nella sua organizzazione attuale https://www.cittadini-volontari.it/420660905/451305324 > Il 19/01/2023 01:15 Carlo Antonello via nexa <nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it> ha scritto: > > > Scusate l'intromissione > sottopongo osservazione e proposizione di quanto personalmente rilevo e sono impegnato a concretizzare ,e vi chiedo .... nella misura che vi fosse possibile una collaborazione partecipazione. > Carlo A > > > > > Il 16/01/2023 09:28 Antonio <antonio(a)piumarossa.it> ha scritto: > > > > > > The richest 1 percent grabbed nearly two-thirds of all new wealth worth > > $42 trillion created since 2020 ... > > While ordinary people are making daily sacrifices on essentials like > > food, the super-rich have outdone even their wildest dreams. Just two > > years in, this decade is shaping up to be the best yet for billionaires > > a roaring ‘20s boom for the world’s richest ... > > Taxing the super-rich and big corporations is the door out of today’s > > overlapping crises. It’s time we demolish the convenient myth that tax > > cuts for the richest result in their wealth somehow ‘trickling down’ to > > everyone else. Forty years of tax cuts for the super-rich have shown > > that a rising tide doesn’t lift all ships —just the superyachts ... > > Elon Musk paid a “true tax rate” of about 3 percent between 2014 and > > 2018. Aber Christine, a flour vendor in Uganda, makes $80 a month and > > pays a tax rate of 40 percent ... > > > > "Richest 1% bag nearly twice as much wealth as the rest of the world put > > together over the past two years" > > Published: 16th January 2023 > > > > https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/richest-1-bag-nearly-twice-much-wea… > > _______________________________________________ > > nexa mailing list > > nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > > https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa > _______________________________________________ > nexa mailing list > nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa

Jan. 19, 2023

Re: [nexa] Survival of the Richest

by ilbancodeivolontari＠libero.it

Scusate l'intromissione sottopongo osservazione e proposizione di quanto personalmente rilevo e sono impegnato a concretizzare ,e vi chiedo .... nella misura che vi fosse possibile una collaborazione partecipazione. Carlo A > Il 16/01/2023 09:28 Antonio <antonio(a)piumarossa.it> ha scritto: > > > The richest 1 percent grabbed nearly two-thirds of all new wealth worth > $42 trillion created since 2020 ... > While ordinary people are making daily sacrifices on essentials like > food, the super-rich have outdone even their wildest dreams. Just two > years in, this decade is shaping up to be the best yet for billionaires > a roaring ‘20s boom for the world’s richest ... > Taxing the super-rich and big corporations is the door out of today’s > overlapping crises. It’s time we demolish the convenient myth that tax > cuts for the richest result in their wealth somehow ‘trickling down’ to > everyone else. Forty years of tax cuts for the super-rich have shown > that a rising tide doesn’t lift all ships —just the superyachts ... > Elon Musk paid a “true tax rate” of about 3 percent between 2014 and > 2018. Aber Christine, a flour vendor in Uganda, makes $80 a month and > pays a tax rate of 40 percent ... > > "Richest 1% bag nearly twice as much wealth as the rest of the world put > together over the past two years" > Published: 16th January 2023 > > https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/richest-1-bag-nearly-twice-much-wea… > _______________________________________________ > nexa mailing list > nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa

Jan. 19, 2023

Re: [nexa] Intelligenza artificiale fatta a mano

by Damiano Verzulli

Il 18/01/23 18:45, Daniela Tafani ha scritto: > OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less Toxic > https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/ > > [...] > In its quest to make ChatGPT less toxic, OpenAI used outsourced Kenyan laborers earning less than $2 per hour, a TIME investigation has found. > [...] Mi pare una sorta di followup di quanto fu segnalato, sempre dal Time, lo scorso febbraio 2022 [1], puntualmente passato su questa lista grazie ad un messaggio del Prof. Nardelli [2]. Resta in me l'amarezza del non poter far nulla di concreto per (provare a) invertire la rotta [3] Un saluto, DV [1] https://time.com/6147458/facebook-africa-content-moderation-employee-treatm… [2] https://server-nexa.polito.it/pipermail/nexa/2022-February/023317.html [3] https://server-nexa.polito.it/pipermail/nexa/2022-February/023319.html -- Damiano Verzulli e-mail: damiano(a)verzulli.it --- possible?ok:while(!possible){open_mindedness++} --- "...I realized that free software would not generate the kind of income that was needed. Maybe in USA or Europe, you may be able to get a well paying job as a free software developer, but not here [in Africa]..." -- Guido Sohne - 1973-2008 http://ole.kenic.or.ke/pipermail/skunkworks/2008-April/005989.html

Jan. 18, 2023

Intelligenza artificiale fatta a mano

by Daniela Tafani

OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less Toxic https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/ <https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/> [...] In its quest to make ChatGPT less toxic, OpenAI used outsourced Kenyan laborers earning less than $2 per hour, a TIME investigation has found. [...] To build that safety system, OpenAI took a leaf out of the playbook of social media companies like Facebook, who had already shown it was possible to build AIs that could detect toxic language like hate speech to help remove it from their platforms. The premise was simple: feed an AI with labeled examples of violence, hate speech, and sexual abuse, and that tool could learn to detect those forms of toxicity in the wild. That detector would be built into ChatGPT to check whether it was echoing the toxicity of its training data, and filter it out before it ever reached the user. It could also help scrub toxic text from the training datasets of future AI models. To get those labels, OpenAI sent tens of thousands of snippets of text to an outsourcing firm in Kenya, beginning in November 2021. Much of that text appeared to have been pulled from the darkest recesses of the internet. Some of it described situations in graphic detail like child sexual abuse, bestiality, murder, suicide, torture, self harm, and incest. OpenAI’s outsourcing partner in Kenya was Sama, a San Francisco-based firm that employs workers in Kenya, Uganda and India to label data for Silicon Valley clients like Google, Meta and Microsoft. Sama markets itself as an “ethical AI” company and claims to have helped lift more than 50,000<https://www.sama.com/blog/we-are-a-b-corp/> people out of poverty. The data labelers employed by Sama on behalf of OpenAI were paid a take-home wage of between around $1.32 and $2 per hour depending on seniority and performance. For this story, TIME reviewed hundreds of pages of internal Sama and OpenAI documents, including workers’ payslips, and interviewed four Sama employees who worked on the project. All the employees spoke on condition of anonymity out of concern for their livelihoods. [...] One Sama worker tasked with reading and labeling text for OpenAI told TIME he suffered from recurring visions after reading a graphic description of a man having sex with a dog in the presence of a young child. “That was torture,” he said. “You will read a number of statements like that all through the week. By the time it gets to Friday, you are disturbed from thinking through that picture.” The work’s traumatic nature eventually led Sama to cancel all its work for OpenAI in February 2022, eight months earlier than planned.

Jan. 18, 2023

Re: [nexa] IFRI, "Sources d’influence. Enjeux économiques et géopolitiques des logiciels open source"

by J.C. DE MARTIN

Scusate, ho dimenticato il link: https://www.ifri.org/fr/publications/etudes-de-lifri/sources-dinfluence-enj… jc On 18/01/23 12:19, J.C. DE MARTIN wrote: > *Sources d’influence. Enjeux économiques et géopolitiques des > logiciels open source ** > *Etudes de l'Ifri, décembre 2022 > > Alice PANNIER > > L’open source est au cœur de l’infrastructure internet, des solutions > logicielles utilisées par les individus comme par les gouvernements, > et des processus d’innovation des entreprises technologiques. Face aux > menaces sur la sécurité et la pérennité du modèle open source, les > États cherchent à se saisir de plus en plus du sujet, qui devient un > enjeu géopolitique. > > L’open source tient une place centrale dans les logiciels : il est au > fondement de briques logicielles critiques, et est devenu un élément > déterminant dans les processus d’innovation des entreprises du > numérique. Il est aussi une alternative attrayante aux solutions > propriétaires. > > L’open source peut toutefois être victime de son succès et souffre > d’un manque de moyens dédiés à sa maintenance. Or, les vulnérabilités > dans les codes sources ouverts peuvent avoir de graves conséquences, > comme l’a illustré la faille « Log4Shell » révélée en décembre 2021. > > Les entreprises privées investissent financièrement et humainement au > développement et au maintien de l’écosystème open source. Cependant, > cette implication n’est pas sans danger pour l’écosystème open source, > qui est de plus en plus modelé par les intérêts privés des Big Tech. > > Parallèlement, les gouvernements sont de plus en plus préoccupés par > les risques de l’open source en matière de cybersécurité, du fait de > vulnérabilités accidentelles, mais aussi de la manipulation des codes > par des criminels et des agents étrangers. > > L’analyse des cas américain, chinois et européen montre que > l’implication des gouvernements dans l’open source n’est pas seulement > pragmatique ; elle est de plus en plus politisée et sert à soutenir > les ambitions des gouvernements en matière de sécurité nationale, > d’influence internationale ou de souveraineté numérique. L’étude met > en évidence les dilemmes qui émergent, pour les autorités publiques, > des tensions entre le désir de sécuriser des composants open source > critiques universels, le désir de développer des technologies > « souveraines », et le risque d’empiéter sur le fonctionnement > horizontal et décentralisé de l’open source. > > Cette publication est aussi disponible en anglais : *Software Power: > The Economic and Geopolitical Implications of Open Source Software* > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > nexa mailing list > nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa

Jan. 18, 2023

IFRI, "Sources d’influence. Enjeux économiques et géopolitiques des logiciels open source"

by J.C. DE MARTIN

*Sources d’influence. Enjeux économiques et géopolitiques des logiciels open source ** *Etudes de l'Ifri, décembre 2022 Alice PANNIER L’open source est au cœur de l’infrastructure internet, des solutions logicielles utilisées par les individus comme par les gouvernements, et des processus d’innovation des entreprises technologiques. Face aux menaces sur la sécurité et la pérennité du modèle open source, les États cherchent à se saisir de plus en plus du sujet, qui devient un enjeu géopolitique. L’open source tient une place centrale dans les logiciels : il est au fondement de briques logicielles critiques, et est devenu un élément déterminant dans les processus d’innovation des entreprises du numérique. Il est aussi une alternative attrayante aux solutions propriétaires. L’open source peut toutefois être victime de son succès et souffre d’un manque de moyens dédiés à sa maintenance. Or, les vulnérabilités dans les codes sources ouverts peuvent avoir de graves conséquences, comme l’a illustré la faille « Log4Shell » révélée en décembre 2021. Les entreprises privées investissent financièrement et humainement au développement et au maintien de l’écosystème open source. Cependant, cette implication n’est pas sans danger pour l’écosystème open source, qui est de plus en plus modelé par les intérêts privés des Big Tech. Parallèlement, les gouvernements sont de plus en plus préoccupés par les risques de l’open source en matière de cybersécurité, du fait de vulnérabilités accidentelles, mais aussi de la manipulation des codes par des criminels et des agents étrangers. L’analyse des cas américain, chinois et européen montre que l’implication des gouvernements dans l’open source n’est pas seulement pragmatique ; elle est de plus en plus politisée et sert à soutenir les ambitions des gouvernements en matière de sécurité nationale, d’influence internationale ou de souveraineté numérique. L’étude met en évidence les dilemmes qui émergent, pour les autorités publiques, des tensions entre le désir de sécuriser des composants open source critiques universels, le désir de développer des technologies « souveraines », et le risque d’empiéter sur le fonctionnement horizontal et décentralisé de l’open source. Cette publication est aussi disponible en anglais : *Software Power: The Economic and Geopolitical Implications of Open Source Software*

Jan. 18, 2023

Tesla video promoting self-driving was staged, senior engineer testifies

by Alberto Cammozzo

<https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jan/17/tesla-self-driving-video…> A 2016 video that Tesla used to promote its self-driving technology was staged to show capabilities like stopping at a red light and accelerating at a green light that the system did not have, according to testimony by a senior engineer. The video, which remains archived on Tesla’s website, was released in October 2016 and promoted on Twitter by Elon Musk as evidence that “Tesla drives itself”. But the Model X was not driving itself with technology Tesla had deployed, Ashok Elluswamy, director of Autopilot software at Tesla, said in the transcript of a July deposition taken as evidence in a lawsuit against Tesla for a 2018 fatal crash involving a former Apple engineer. The previously unreported testimony by Elluswamy represents the first time a Tesla employee has confirmed and detailed how the video was produced. The video carries a tagline saying: “The person in the driver’s seat is only there for legal reasons. He is not doing anything. The car is driving itself.” Elluswamy said Tesla’s Autopilot team set out to engineer and record a “demonstration of the system’s capabilities” at the request of Musk. Elluswamy, Musk and Tesla did not respond to a request for comment. However, the company has warned drivers that they must keep their hands on the wheel and maintain control of their vehicles while using Autopilot. The Tesla technology is designed to assist with steering, braking, speed and lane changes but its features “do not make the vehicle autonomous”, the company says on its website. To create the video, the Tesla used 3D mapping on a predetermined route from a house in Menlo Park, California, to Tesla’s then-headquarters in Palo Alto, he said. Drivers intervened to take control in test runs, he said. When trying to show the Model X could park itself with no driver, a test car crashed into a fence in Tesla’s parking lot, he said. “The intent of the video was not to accurately portray what was available for customers in 2016. It was to portray what was possible to build into the system,” Elluswamy said, according to a transcript of his testimony seen by Reuters. When Tesla released the video, Musk tweeted: “Tesla drives itself (no human input at all) thru urban streets to highway to streets, then finds a parking spot.” Tesla faces lawsuits and regulatory scrutiny over its driver assistance systems. The US Department of Justice began a criminal investigation into Tesla’s claims that its electric vehicles can drive themselves in 2021, after a number of crashes, some of them fatal, involving Autopilot, Reuters has reported. The New York Times reported in 2021 that Tesla engineers had created the 2016 video to promote Autopilot without disclosing that the route had been mapped in advance or that a car had crashed in trying to complete the shoot, citing anonymous sources. When asked if the 2016 video showed the performance of the Tesla Autopilot system available in a production car at the time, Elluswamy said: “It does not.” Elluswamy was deposed in a lawsuit against Tesla over a 2018 crash in Mountain View, California, that killed Walter Huang, an Apple engineer. Andrew McDevitt, the lawyer who represents Huang’s wife and who questioned Elluswamy’s in July, told Reuters it was “obviously misleading to feature that video without any disclaimer or asterisk”. The National Transportation Safety Board concluded in 2020 that Huang’s fatal crash was probably caused by his distraction and the limitations of Autopilot. It said Tesla’s “ineffective monitoring of driver engagement” had contributed to the crash. Elluswamy said drivers could “fool the system”, making a Tesla system believe that they were paying attention based on feedback from the steering wheel when they were not. But he said he saw no safety issue with Autopilot if drivers were paying attention.

Jan. 17, 2023

Re: [nexa] "Primo progetto nazionale di Educazione Digitale" (Evento Luiss Guido Carli - 25/01/2023)

by 380°

Michele Pinassi <michele.pinassi(a)unisi.it> writes: [...] > A questo punto, se la situazione è questa (e purtroppo non ho difficoltà > a immaginare che sia proprio così), meglio non fare niente ...oppure utilizzare la tecnica del surplace [1], nella quale il ciclista rimane fermo in equilibrio sulla bicicletta in attesa del momento migliore per attaccare potrebbe /sembrare/ che non fa niente, in realtà in quel gesto atletico c'è molta tecnica ;-) [...] saluti, 380° [1] https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplace -- 380° (Giovanni Biscuolo public alter ego) «Noi, incompetenti come siamo, non abbiamo alcun titolo per suggerire alcunché» Disinformation flourishes because many people care deeply about injustice but very few check the facts. Ask me about <https://stallmansupport.org>.

Jan. 17, 2023

una modesta proposta (was Re: nexa Digest, Vol 165, Issue 11)

by 380°

Buonasera Maurizio e nexiani tutti maurizio lana <maurizio.lana(a)uniupo.it> writes: > nel sito del signor Chudov si legge > > Ivermectin's Effectiveness Proven Again; 72% Efficacy > Rasmussen Survey on Covid Vaccine Deaths Proves Antivaxxers Right! > Curbing Overpopulation: Bill Gates, George Soros, other Billionaires > Convened to Make Plans in 2009 > [...] > per questo motivo io non ascolto quel che ha da dire su AI e EU, [...] > tutto il discorso di Chudov serve a far passare come difesa > della libertà il suo attacco alle strategie anti-disinformazione messe > in atto dall'EU sia in generale sia rispetto al Covid. ho profondissimo rispetto per questa tua posizione espressa molteplici volte in questa lista (semplificando, ciò che dice qualcuno su X non vale perché dice sciochezze su Z o appartiene all'area Y) ciò nonostante mi permetto di chiedere umilmente a te e al resto dei nexiani di evitare di menzionare "il covid" come argomento "oggetto di disinformazione da parte di qualcuno", perché è argomendo MOLTO delicato e /estremamente/ mobile... ma soprattutto OT [...] grazie, 380° -- 380° (Giovanni Biscuolo public alter ego) «Noi, incompetenti come siamo, non abbiamo alcun titolo per suggerire alcunché» Disinformation flourishes because many people care deeply about injustice but very few check the facts. Ask me about <https://stallmansupport.org>.

Jan. 17, 2023

Come insegnare la rivoluzione informatica

by de petra giulio

Per chi fosse interessato segnalo che lunedì 23 dalle 17 alle 19, a Roma, a via della Dogana Vecchia 5, nell’ambito delle attività della Scuola critica del digitale del CRS, sarà presentato e discusso il libro di Enrico Nardelli “La rivoluzione informatica: conoscenza, consapevolezza e potere nella società digitale” Qui di seguito trovate informazioni sull’incontro e su come poter partecipare anche da remoto. Giulio https://centroriformastato.it/iniziativa/come-insegnare-la-rivoluzione-info… Giulio

Jan. 17, 2023