July 2016 - nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

A l’ère numérique, le capitalisme compatissant

by Alberto Cammozzo

Bel pezzo di Morozov <http://blog.mondediplo.net/2016-07-02-A-l-ere-numerique-le-capitalisme-comp…> Conclude: Pour être tout à fait libre dans un avenir proche qui, curieusement, ressemble de plus en plus à notre passé féodal (lire « Féodalisme 2.0 »), nous devrons d’abord prêter allégeance à un géant de la technologie. Le jour où notre entreprise suzeraine se tournera vers un autre modèle commercial, ou décidera simplement que notre liberté n’est plus justifiée par les calculs de rentabilité, il nous faudra alors trouver un autre garant privé de notre liberté.

July 2, 2016

Facebook wins privacy case, can now track any Belgian it wants

by Alberto Cammozzo

Facebook can go back to tracking Belgians who aren't logged in or don't have an account. <http://arstechnica.co.uk/tech-policy/2016/06/facebook-wins-privacy-case-aga…> In a somewhat unexpected twist, Facebook has won a legal battle against Belgium's data protection authority, which had sought to prevent Facebook from tracking non-Facebook (or not-logged-into-Facebook) users, both on the Facebook website itself but also via the company's Like and Share buttons that can be found in even the darkest depths of the known universe. The Brussels appeals court dismissed the case on Wednesday, saying that the Belgian CPP (Commission for the Protection of Privacy) had no jurisdiction over Facebook, which has its European headquarters in Dublin, Ireland. "We are pleased with the court's decision and look forward to bringing all our services back online for people in Belgium," a Facebook spokesperson said. "Today's decision simply and purely means that the Belgian citizen cannot obtain the protection of his private life through the courts and tribunals when it concerns foreign actors," the CPP said in a statement. The CPP also said that it may launch an appeal to the Belgian Court of Cassation—the court of last resort—which in the past had overruled cases that involved foreign company jurisdiction. Back in November 2015, a lower court ruled in favour of the CPP and ordered Facebook to quit tracking people who don't have a Facebook account or who aren't currently logged into the service. If Facebook didn't comply, it faced fines of up to €250,000 per day. Suffice it to say, the company complied: in December, Facebook said that it had stopped tracking Belgian visitors who were not logged in. Further Reading Facebook must stop tracking Belgian users within 48 hours, or be fined €250K per day More privacy woes for the company in the wake of Safe Harbour being struck down. Today's ruling is certainly a win for Facebook, but it's not the end of the story. The initial Belgian court ruling was based on EU privacy law, and so it's safe to assume that other national regulators will bring cases against Facebook in due course. Two likely candidates for following Belgian's example are the Netherlands and Germany, both of whose data protection authorities have been part of a European task force investigating possible violations of EU law by Facebook.

July 2, 2016

Paper "EU regulations on algorithmic decision-making and a "right to explanation""

by J.C. DE MARTIN

Segnalo confidando di sentire il parere degli esperti. juan carlos EU regulations on algorithmic decision-making and a "right to explanation" Bryce Goodman <http://arxiv.org/find/stat/1/au:+Goodman_B/0/1/0/all/0/1>, Seth Flaxman <http://arxiv.org/find/stat/1/au:+Flaxman_S/0/1/0/all/0/1> (Submitted on 28 Jun 2016) We summarize the potential impact that the European Union's new General Data Protection Regulation will have on the routine use of machine learning algorithms. Slated to take effect as law across the EU in 2018, it will restrict automated individual decision-making (that is, algorithms that make decisions based on user-level predictors) which "significantly affect" users. The law will also create a "right to explanation," whereby a user can ask for an explanation of an algorithmic decision that was made about them. We argue that while this law will pose large challenges for industry, it highlights opportunities for machine learning researchers to take the lead in designing algorithms and evaluation frameworks which avoid discrimination. Comments: presented at 2016 ICML Workshop on Human Interpretability in Machine Learning (WHI 2016), New York, NY Subjects: Machine Learning (stat.ML); Computers and Society (cs.CY); Learning (cs.LG) Cite as: arXiv:1606.08813 <http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08813> [stat.ML] (or arXiv:1606.08813v1 <http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08813v1> [stat.ML] for this version)

July 2, 2016

Miles gloriosus cyberneticus

by Alberto Cammozzo

Zero-day come arma segreta, da nascondere e in parte esibire. Swaggering in Cyberspace: Busting the Conventional Wisdom on Cyber Coercion <http://warontherocks.com/2016/06/swaggering-in-cyberspace-busting-the-conve…> Given increases in the ability and willingness of various actors to target a nation’s critical infrastructure, David Gompert and Hans Binnendijk have argued that the United States should use cyber operations to “amp up the power to coerce.” This is a reasonable objective, but it ignores the conventional wisdom about cyber coercion that says it doesn’t work. A major component of successful coercion is detailing the pain your enemy may endure. Communicating that capability in the cyber realm is likely to induce your enemy to “patch” the vulnerability you were hoping to exploit. How can actors ever coerce targets with cyber weapons if threatening them effectively neutralizes their utility? We propose one possible way of resolving this problem: selectively revealing an individual cyber tactic to your opponent. Exploiting the “perishable” nature of certain cyber weapons helps to address some of the problems with cyber coercion, though many problems will remain. This is true in at least three ways. First, it can reduce the uncertainty surrounding your capabilities by hinting at the breadth or depth of your remaining cyber arsenal. Second, because these weapons can be costly to develop, burning a tactic or vulnerability can serve as a “sunk cost” signal of resolve. Third, since some cyber weapons may be more damaging than others, the choice of which vulnerability to burn can communicate your level of interest in the dispute.

July 2, 2016

Re: [nexa] L'API del lavoro umano

by Alberto Cammozzo

tra le digital work marketplaces ci segnalo anche: Upwork.com, Freelancer.com, Fiverr.com a più alto livello, nello stile Open Innovation Innocentive.com ciao, Alberto On 02/07/2016 08:02, Cristian Consonni wrote: > > Il 01/Lug/2016 20:09, "Matteo G.P. Flora" <mf(a)thefool.it > <mailto:mf@thefool.it>> ha scritto: > > > > Si tratta di un servizio che esiste, con altri nomi, dal 2003. > > La versione più "grande" come fatturato si chiama Mechanical Turk. > > Ed è di Amazon. > > Il 01/Lug/2016 20:56, "Maurizio Napolitano" <napo(a)fbk.eu > <mailto:napo@fbk.eu>> ha scritto: > > ... ammetto però che non avevo pensato a task come "cercami un > dentista" o "trovami un volo" > > Verissimo, ma come notava Napo qui il sistema è un po' più spinto > anche verso task più complessi. (Per chi non li conoscesse, i sistemi > tipo Amazon Mechanical Turk o Crowdcrafting di solito chiedono al > lavoratore di risolvere task molto ben definiti e semplici come per > esempio selezionare un elemento in una immagine). > > E se la critica che si può fare a questo sistema è di base la stessa > che si può fare a tutti gli altri sistemi di crowdsourcing, di sicuro > la nonchalance con cui si parla della possibilità di fare diventare > qualsiasi tipo di mansione svolta da un umano una commodity attaccata > alla fine di un API (esattamente come creare un server virtuale) mi > spaventa. > > In altre parole, se Mechanical Turk ha i suoi problemi questo è la > stessa cosa moltiplicata per 10. > > C > > > > _______________________________________________ > nexa mailing list > nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa

July 2, 2016

Re: [nexa] L'API del lavoro umano

by Cristian Consonni

Il 01/Lug/2016 20:09, "Matteo G.P. Flora" <mf(a)thefool.it> ha scritto: > > Si tratta di un servizio che esiste, con altri nomi, dal 2003. > La versione più "grande" come fatturato si chiama Mechanical Turk. > Ed è di Amazon. Il 01/Lug/2016 20:56, "Maurizio Napolitano" <napo(a)fbk.eu> ha scritto: > ... ammetto però che non avevo pensato a task come "cercami un dentista" o "trovami un volo" Verissimo, ma come notava Napo qui il sistema è un po' più spinto anche verso task più complessi. (Per chi non li conoscesse, i sistemi tipo Amazon Mechanical Turk o Crowdcrafting di solito chiedono al lavoratore di risolvere task molto ben definiti e semplici come per esempio selezionare un elemento in una immagine). E se la critica che si può fare a questo sistema è di base la stessa che si può fare a tutti gli altri sistemi di crowdsourcing, di sicuro la nonchalance con cui si parla della possibilità di fare diventare qualsiasi tipo di mansione svolta da un umano una commodity attaccata alla fine di un API (esattamente come creare un server virtuale) mi spaventa. In altre parole, se Mechanical Turk ha i suoi problemi questo è la stessa cosa moltiplicata per 10. C

July 2, 2016

Re: [nexa] L'API del lavoro umano

by Maurizio Napolitano

Il 01 lug 2016 20:09, "Matteo G.P. Flora" <mf(a)thefool.it> ha scritto: > > Si tratta di un servizio che esiste, con altri nomi, dal 2003. > La versione più "grande" come fatturato si chiama Mechanical Turk. > Ed è di Amazon Aggiungo il software pybossa che permette di crearsi una soluzione in casa per distribuire vari tipi di task Non ha però un sistema di retribuzione Una istanza di pybossa è su http://crowdcrafting.org ... ammetto però che non avevo pensato a task come "cercami un dentista" o "trovami un volo" Il caso di pybossa è nella raccolta collaborativa di dataset my2cents

July 1, 2016

Re: [nexa] L'API del lavoro umano

by Matteo G.P. Flora

Si tratta di un servizio che esiste, con altri nomi, dal 2003. La versione più "grande" come fatturato si chiama Mechanical Turk. Ed è di Amazon. https://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome -- Matteo G.P. Flora The Fool srl - CEO & Founder Samadhi Investments - CEO Via Merano, 16 | 20127 Milano | http://thefool.it off. +39.02-00613665 | mob. +39.347.9676430 PGP and Encrypted Messages: https://keybase.io/mgpf 2016-06-30 9:49 GMT+02:00 Antonio Casilli < antonio.casilli(a)telecom-paristech.fr>: > Inoltro il link verso questa nuova API che ha il potenziale di spingere > all'estremo le pratiche di frammentazione lavorativa (microwork) e di > captazione del valore prodotto dai lavoratori della piattaforme (digital > labor). > > Si chiama Scale API http://www.scaleapi.com/ ('Get human tasks done with > just one line of code') ed è stata lanciata da Alexander Wang et Lucy Guo, > due ex dipendenti di Quora, provenienti rispettivamente dal MIT et da > Carnegy Mellon. > > Il principio è semplice: se siete uno sviluppatore, ora potete lanciare > delle app che, per esempio, prenota appuntamenti dal dentiste, o filtra > contenuti "inappropriati" dalle navigazioni internet, o trascrive testi da > immagini fotografate con lo smartphone. Solo che tutte queste tasks non > sono realizzare dall'app stessa, ma da una folla di microlavoratori in > Romania, Bangladesh, Tunisia, che, per qualche centesimo, prenotano, > filtrano o trascrivono a cottimo. Alcun bisogno di call centers, o di > dispendiose "click farms": l'API li connette dovunque essi siano a gli > trasmette tasks da realizzare in tempo reale. > > Ci sarebbe molto altro da dire, ma vi lascio trarre le conclusioni che > preferite, o che meglio si adattano al vostro settore di studio. > Cheers, > ---a > > > > -- > Antonio A. Casilli > Associate Professor, Telecom ParisTech > Research Fellow Edgar-Morin Center (EHESS) > _______________________________________________ > nexa mailing list > nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa >

July 1, 2016

Fwd: UN Human Rights Council Resolution Condemns Internet Shutdowns

by J.C. DE MARTIN

-------- Forwarded Message -------- Subject: UN Human Rights Council Resolution Condemns Internet Shutdowns Resent-Date: Fri, 01 Jul 2016 17:23:43 +0200 Resent-From: d004620(a)polito.it Date: Fri, 1 Jul 2016 09:22:00 -0600 From: David Sullivan <dsullivan(a)globalnetworkinitiative.org> To: participants(a)globalnetworkinitiative.org <participants(a)globalnetworkinitiative.org> https://www.accessnow.org/un-passes-resolution-condemning-internet-shutdown… BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS <https://www.accessnow.org/issue/business-and-human-rights/>DIGITAL SECURITY <https://www.accessnow.org/issue/digital-security/>FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION <https://www.accessnow.org/issue/freedom-of-expression/>NET DISCRIMINATION <https://www.accessnow.org/issue/net-discrimination/>PRIVACY <https://www.accessnow.org/issue/privacy/> UN passes landmark resolution condemning internet shutdowns 1 JULY 2016 | 4:48 AM Tweet <https://www.accessnow.org/un-passes-resolution-condemning-internet-shutdown…> Share <https://www.accessnow.org/un-passes-resolution-condemning-internet-shutdown…> *GENEVA *— Today the United Nations Human Rights Council agreed by consensus to a resolution <https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/2016/06/A_HRC_32_L.20_English-…> supporting human rights online, despite efforts by hostile states to eliminate key provisions in the text. The landmark document specifically condemns internet shutdowns and renews 2012 and 2014 resolutions that declared, unequivocally, that human rights apply online just as they do offline. *“The UN has boldly spoken against the pressing problem of internet shutdowns. This unanimous statement by the world’s highest human rights body should give governments pause before they order blocking, throttling, and other barriers to information,”* said Peter Micek, Global Policy and Legal Counsel at Access Now.*“Development and human rights protections are strengthened in tandem when networks remain open, secure, and stable. All stakeholders, from telcos to activists to judges, must band together to demand an end to shutdowns.”* The resolution faced opposition by a small number of influential member states who attempted to water down the text. Access Now joined a group of civil society organizations to urge Human Rights Council member states in a letter <https://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/38428/en/unhrc:-reject-att…> to pass the resolution by consensus, citing its importance for bridging the gender digital divide; advancing the Sustainable Development Goals; and incorporating a human rights-based approach into expanding internet connectivity. As the letter notes, the Human Rights Council had twice previously affirmed by consensus that “the same rights that people have offline must also be protected online.” *“This resolution marks a major milestone in the fight against internet shutdowns. The international community has listened to the voices of civil society — many of whom have suffered under shutdowns themselves — and laudably pushed back on this pernicious practice,”* said Deji Olukotun, Senior Global Advocacy Manager at Access Now. *“Shutdowns harm everyone and allow human rights crackdowns to happen in the dark, with impunity. Citizens can’t participate fully in democratic discourse during elections. The Human Rights Council’s principled stance is a crucial step in telling the world that shutdowns need to stop.”* The #KeepitOn campaign features nearly 90 organizations from 41 countries around the globe who are pushing back on internet shutdowns at every level, from governments to telcos to tech companies to everyday internet users. The full list of organizations is available on the campaign website: https://www.accessnow.org/keepiton/ The UN resolution follows a recent shutdown in <https://twitter.com/TurkeyBlocks/status/747923755079471105>Turkey surrounding bombing attacks, one in Bahrain around protests <https://www.accessnow.org/internet-disrupted-bahrain-around-protests-wrestl…>, and another in Algeria <http://www.smex.org/algeria-reconsiders-blocking-social-media-to-prevent-ch…> to prevent cheating on school exams. Notably, police in Ghana have backtracked from claims <http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/ghana-police-cancel-social-media-…> that they intend to block social media during upcoming elections in November 2016, after an uproar from civil society groups, politicians, and the UN. Last year, Access Now recorded at least 15 internet shutdowns around the world, and has already recorded 20 shutdowns in the first half of 2016. -- David Sullivan Global Network Initiative <http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/> Mobile: +1 646 595 5373 @David_MSullivan <https://twitter.com/David_MSullivan> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "participants" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to participants+unsubscribe(a)globalnetworkinitiative.org <mailto:participants+unsubscribe@globalnetworkinitiative.org>.

July 1, 2016

Spotify says Apple won’t approve a new version of its app because it doesn’t want competition for Apple Music - Recode

by J.C. DE MARTIN

http://www.recode.net/2016/6/30/12067578/spotify-apple-app-store-rejection (Sent from my wireless device; please excuse brevity and typos (if any))

July 1, 2016