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Surveillance Wages: A Taxonomy
by Daniela Tafani
Surveillance Wages: A Taxonomy
Zephyr Teachout
PUBLISHED 11.06.23
One notable feature of the so-called gig economy is that workers, such as for-hire drivers and delivery workers, are often paid different amounts for performing the same task. More broadly, as work by the Markup and Veena Dubal shows, the manner in which these wages are calculated is a black box: they are determined by a complicated algorithm to which the workers have no access. At Uber, for instance, the company uses data-rich driver profiles to match the wage to the individual incentives of the driver and the needs of the platform.
Uber drivers’ experiences should not, however, be understood as unique to gig work. The techniques used to extract the maximal gig worker productivity for minimal pay—such as individualized pay, schedules, benefits, and individualized behaviorally-based incentive structures—are on the verge of being imported to the formal employment sector. Moreover, gig work is increasingly the nature of work itself, with surveys showing that between 10 and 30% of Americans have some form of contract work. As a result, wage scales with set pay grades, which have been the norm for blue collar jobs for more than a century, may be on the decline.
Partly as a result of this shift, the market for employee surveillance systems is booming. Monitoring systems include thumb scans, identification badges, closed circuit cameras, geolocation tracking, and sensors on tablets and vehicles. Software flags not only a decrease in productivity but also the expression of “negative attitudes.” Tools record keyboard strokes and conversations, which are then analyzed to rate an employee’s emotional status based on word patterns and content. The company Cogito, for instance, sells software to call centers that records and then analyzes calls between employees and customers, with a real-time behavioral dashboard that tells the employees when to be more empathetic, when to pick up the pace, and when to “exude more confidence and professionalism.” Supervisors have dashboards summarizing these performance metrics, which are used to determine pay and retention.
In addition to making worker’s pay much less predictable, the potential spread of these management techniques has broader democratic implications. They will increase economic and racial inequality, undermine labor solidarity, and put workers in a profoundly humiliating position in relationship to their boss, one where worker speech and autonomy are highly circumscribed.
If we are to have any hope of successfully regulating these new forms of technological control, we first need a clearer understanding of how they operate. To that end, this post offers a brief taxonomy of five different forms of algorithmic wage differentiation, each of which is already visible in the gig work economy: productivity-based wage adjustments, gamified wages shifted through incentive bonuses and demerits, behavioral wages, dynamic wages, and wages shifted to conduct an experiment. After surveying these different techniques, I explain in greater depth why these practices threaten to undermine important democratic values.
Extreme Taylorism
At the heart of management in the past century was a belief, exemplified by Taylorism, that workers were driven by simple motivations. They wanted pay, and didn’t like to work, and so close monitoring and control were required, lest workers take the pay and avoid the work. Taylorism depended on small, easy to measure tasks, regularized training, and payment based on production.
Extreme Taylorism is a direct outgrowth of these former tools, but with unheard of levels of precision. Employers now measure time in the bathroom and time per unit task, not just the total number of units processed over an hour, and can thus reward or dock employees on a far more ongoing, updated basis. For instance, when Amazon follows workers physical location and tracks multitasking, it can dock pay for long breaks in real time. And with increasingly precise levels of surveillance, companies can monitor and reward productivity down to the head-swivel.
Gamification
Amazon started using video games in five warehouses from suburban Seattle to near Manchester in Britain, after an initial experiment in a single warehouse in late 2016. With names like MissionRacer, PicksInSpace, Dragon Duel, and CastleCrafter, the games have graphics that mimic Nintendo, according to workers (employees aren’t allowed to take pictures). Success at these games can lead to changes in wages—one worker reported that managers rewarded successful workers with “Swag Bucks,” an internal currency that can be used to make purchases.
Similarly, Uber tracks millions of metrics every day and then delivers individualized tasks to drivers. At least some of this differentiation appears to be related to the “gamification” of work. The screen used by drivers has point-scoring, levels, competition with others, and ratings, which play on both positive and negative aspects of gaming—they offer engagement and possibly fun, but also pray on irrational tendencies, like gambling. And, like gambling, they appear to depend upon both personalization (differentiation) and some degree of inconsistency.
Behavioral Price Discrimination
Fifteen years ago, social media delivered content based on either requests by users or chronology; today, social media posts are delivered based on a data-based portrait of each individual user. The PII (personally identifiable information) is fed to algorithms which predict behavior and responsiveness. Persuasion technologies are matched with unique features to maximize the profits made by the platforms.
We can expect that a similar shift is on the horizon at the workplace, if not already here. This kind of wage discrimination, which focuses on a worker’s behavior, is the area where we have the least information, and the fewest examples, but we have every reason to think it will be a growth area. Employers can combine the data collected directly on their own sites with personal data bought on the open market from third parties, who collect and aggregate social media activity, credit reports, consumer history, and driving reports. Outside of state law, there is nothing currently stopping employers from using data about, e.g., the indebtedness of a worker, to target a lower wage, knowing the worker has less flexibility to move jobs.
Dynamic Labor Pricing
In the gig economy, dynamic labor pricing—paying more for labor when it is low supply or high demand, and vice versa—is baked into the business model. It is also standard for consumer goods where prices are shifting constantly; according to one estimate, Amazon prices change more than 2.5 million times a day. Outside of gig work, firms—especially those with monopsony power—can write contracts that make bonuses ongoing in the same way they are ongoing for Uber drivers, and in so doing, can engage in real-time labor pricing based on demand.
It is currently unclear if (or to what extent) this is happening outside of gig work, but opportunity and incentive suggest it could. Within gig work, for instance, caregivers are paid differently depending on the time of day, delivery workers are paid differently depending on demand, and pay can shift on a dime.
Experimentation
In the late 1920s, inspired by Frederick Taylor, a psychologist from Harvard Business School ran a series of experiments on workers at Hawthorne Works, an electric company in Illinois, that became known as “the Hawthorne Studies.” Among other things, these studies explored whether changing pay based on performance impacted productivity. In one group, they gave higher pay to those who were more productive in assembling equipment; in a control group, they did not. They found, perhaps surprisingly to modern readers, that the increased wages did not incentivize productivity. Instead, productivity was more likely to be spurred by group pressures and group standards.
The experiments are interesting not merely for their results, but also as the beginning of a long history in which workers are subjected to experiments and manipulation by their employers. Since Hawthorne, firms have routinely conducted experiments on workers, testing assumptions about what will lead to the firm gathering the highest output for the wages it pays. However, until recently, wage experimentation at a level likely to reveal meaningful results was practically very difficult. This has changed with the rise of surveillance, big data, and electronic contracts with real-time bonuses, which have enabled low-cost wage experiments. For instance, when Instacart was caught using tips to supplement wages, the proceedings revealed that the company was more broadly experimenting with wages. Delivery pay was initially like piecework in farming: a flat rate per item. The company started adding bonuses, and then taking other factors into account, such as product weight and distance. And over the years, with small changes, the pay changed from being clearly tied to productivity to being a black box. Workers are not merely harmed by the end-outcome of these experiments, but also by the manipulation of the experiments themselves, which undermine any sense of stability at work.
***
With this taxonomy in hand, let’s return to the democratic implications of such wage discrimination. To begin, real time and individually targeted wages will transform the nature of supervision. It undermines the importance of relationships between supervisors and mid-level decisionmakers, instead allowing upper-level management to continuously spy and tinker with low-level workers. Workers are then employed in a state of rational paranoia, where they know that they are being punished and rewarded and experimented upon, but they have no way of knowing whether any given decision they are faced with is a result of a game, an experiment, a punishment, a reward, or changing circumstances on the ground and changing needs at the job. Being dominated, watched, and controlled are destabilizing conditions even when they are occasional, and all the more so if they are the center of work life. Privacy concerns that have long attended the workplace—and never been adequately addressed—are thus even more important today, as the lack of protection from intimate intrusions enables this further harm.
Beyond undermining the liberties of the moderns, intrusive surveillance and experimentation and differentiation also necessarily undermines the liberties of the ancients. The people being surveilled are not just workers but citizens, who must vote, serve on juries, share their experiences with the public, and engage in public debate. Citizens are also subject to some of the same monopoly practices in their role as consumers, but the relationship between the consumer and surveillance capitalism and the worker and the surveilled workplace is different. At work—when labor markets have a handful of dominant players—employees don’t even have the theoretical option of opting out of being watched. Negotiating the terms of surveillance and experimentation simply doesn’t happen. And unlike the consumer, the worker is surveilled for the entire scope of their workday, with no default right of respite.
When you combine personalized labor pricing with the fact that most firms have strong political views, it leads to all kinds of distortions in the political sphere. Sixteen percent of workers surveyed recently reported that they had either personally experienced or witnessed political retaliation on the job. One in eight American workers believes that “someone at their job was treated unfairly, missed out on a promotion, or was fired as a result of political views or actions.” It is unclear the degree to which employers are purposefully tracking the political activities of employees, but the scope of the sweep they conduct on a daily basis means that the conversations and online behavior are necessarily being gathered, whether they are used or not. With both capacity and incentive, we should anticipate that political spying will be a growth area. In the wake of Citizens United, corporations are free to engage in explicitly political activity, to monitor and respond and dissuade and punish. And just as importantly for society, even if an employer refrains from acting on this information, workers, aware of this capacity, will be discouraged from engaging in open, free debate.
I assume that these techniques are not yet the norm, but that the infrastructure to enable them is being put into place as we speak. We know from recent rise of targeted ads just how quickly business practices can change with the arrival of new technological tool. Given that, we should treat these discriminatory wages as a present threat, and think now about how to limit their reach. Key tools involve not only privacy legislation, and absolute bans on the collection of certain data, but using non-discrimination principles to require employers, especially large ones, to pay for the job on a structured pay scale, instead of tailoring pay to individual profiles.
https://lpeproject.org/blog/surveillance-wages-a-taxonomy/
Nov. 13, 2023
Re: [nexa] "How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington"
by Andrea Barontini
Recensione che invoglia ad approfondire, oltre a raccontare cose spesso
viste all'interno degli Atenei ma su cui forse in troppo pochi hanno
riflettuto, e cmq probabilmente non in chiave olistica.
Thanks
Il 12/11/23 16:16, maurizio lana ha scritto:
> Il 12/11/23 14:53, "J.C. DE MARTIN" <juancarlos.demartin(a)polito.it> ha
> scritto:
>> Date: Sun, 12 Nov 2023 14:31:09 +0100
>> From: "J.C. DE MARTIN"<juancarlos.demartin(a)polito.it>
>> To: Nexa<nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it>
>> Subject: [nexa] "How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took
>> over Washington"
>>
>> *How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington*
>>
>> /A sprawling network spread across Congress, federal agencies and think
>> tanks is pushing policymakers to put AI apocalypse at the top of the
>> agenda — potentially boxing out other worries and benefiting top AI
>> companies with ties to the network./
> a proposito di "a sprawling network spread across Congress, federal
> agencies and think tanks", segnalo questo articolo sul Domenicale del
> Sole24ore di oggi 12 novembre:m Luigino Bruni. «La bolla delle società
> di consulenza» che recensisce Mariana Mazzucato, Rosie Collington, Il
> grande imbroglio, Laterza.
> Mazzucato e Collington mostrano che è un problema che riguarda tutti
> (che si presenta in tutti i paesi)
> Maurizio
>
> «La nostra analisi dell’industria della consulenza traccia un quadro
> cupo della situazione attuale. Tutti questi contratti con società che
> interpretano i ruoli più vari (consigliere, legittimatrici di decisioni
> controverse, appaltatrici di servizi esternalizzati) indeboliscono le
> imprese, infantilizzano il settore pubblico e distorcono l’economia» (p.
> 12).
> È questa la tesi principale del bel libro di Mariana Mazzucato e Rosie
> Collington, un saggio che tocca un tema decisivo e troppo trascurato del
> capitalismo contemporaneo, perché le molte forme della consulenza sono
> cresciute come un’edera attorno all’albero dell’economia e delle
> istituzioni, ormai fanno parte del paesaggio e non riusciamo più a
> percepirne la dimensione parassita e invasiva. Ma perché le società di
> consulenza soprattutto le grandi compagnie globali – da strumento di
> aiuto (come si presentano) sono, o dovrebbero essere, una debolezza di
> imprese, governo e istituzioni?
> E quando, e dove, e grazie a chi la consulenza da risorsa è diventata
> una minaccia? E perché l’industria cresce così velocemente, con un
> fatturato globale sfiora i mille miliardi di dollari l’anno? Il libro,
> attraverso i vari capitoli (che sono forse troppi, con ripetizioni
> evitabili, con molti dati-fatti e non abbastanza teoria che invece
> potevamo aspettarci, visto l’alto profilo della Mazzucato), cerca di
> rispondere esattamente a questa domanda cruciale.
> Una premessa.
> Nel XX secolo il paradigma dominante era la democrazia, e quindi la
> partecipazione. Nel XXI secolo il paradigma vincente e quindi ormai
> pervasivo è il business con le sue nuove élite e profeti: se vuoi fare
> una cosa seria devi imitare le grandi imprese, e per imitarle devi
> imparare da chi sa come si fanno le cose.
> Una pervasività che dall’economia è emigrata ad ogni tipo di
> istituzione, sempre più quelle politiche. Le autrici sono molto
> preoccupate del crescente ruolo dei consulenti dentro Governi dei Paesi
> e nelle istituzioni internazionali – e nelle Ong, nelle religioni e
> nelle chiese, aggiungo io. Ecco allora splendere la figura del consulente
> top-di-gamma, che, con spettacolari power point e citazioni ad effetto
> di poeti e guru, si presenta come una figura di medico universale delle
> istituzioni. In quanto tecnico non incontra la diffidenza che hanno
> incontrato gli esperti di ieri (professori, intellettuali, persino
> scienziati), perché i nuovi medici sono ideologicamente neutrali:
> parlano in nome della oggettiva tecnica, e quindi le loro diagnosi e le
> loro terapie sono auto-evidenti.
> I due aspetti per me cruciali del libro sono l’infantilizzazione e
> l’outsourcing delle competenze. L’infantilizzazione dei governi (cap.
> 6), ma anche delle organizzazioni, nasce dalla progressiva riduzione di
> autonomia delle imprese in mano alla consulenza. Ciò che all’inizio si
> presenta come un aiuto al management, con il tempo diventa una presenza
> via via più pervasiva e sostitutiva, che cresce insieme all’insicurezza
> di imprenditori e management che, presto, si ritrovano a perdere
> autonomia per le scelte più importanti. Si crea quella che le autrici
> chiamano una versa e propria “dipendenza” (addiction) da consulenti, e,
> come tutte le dipendenze, per mantenere domani la stessa soddisfazione
> di oggi devo aumentare la dote. Ciò che nel Novecento era affidato al
> management sta passando alla consulenza, in un contratto narcisistico
> mutuamente vantaggioso, almeno così appare ad entrambe le parti – la
> dipendenza perniciosa si rivela col tempo (p. 156).
> La consulenza, poi, cresce soprattutto come risposta ad una domanda dal
> mondo delle imprese e delle istituzioni: «l’offerta è una risposta ad
> una domanda» (p. 104). E ciò perché la presenza delle grandi società di
> consulenza svolge la funzione di certificazione di scelte delicate e
> controverse, sulle quali le imprese-istituzioni sono insicure, in un
> mercato e un mondo sempre più complesso. E così il consulente certifica –
> come si certificano i bilanci – che quella scelta è seria,
> tranquillizzando non solo gli stakeholders ma anche e soprattutto gli
> stessi imprenditori e manager: «I consulenti vengono assoldati perché
> possono fornire una legittimazione alle decisioni del manager» (p. 127).
> L’infantilizzazione è dunque perdita di autonomia, di responsabilità e
> di controllo sulle scelte che vengono “appaltate” a terzi; ma, e qui sta
> il punto, una volta che la parte più importante delle dinamiche
> aziendali sono esternalizzate le aziende perdono conoscenza, know-how e
> know-why, e si ritrovano sempre più dipendenti da chi quelle conoscenze
> le ha, e che usa spesso in conflitto oggettivo di interesse: le stesse
> compagnie assistono i governi per ridurre le emissioni di CO2 e le
> imprese che le aumentano (p. 241). Ecco perché la quota di valore
> aggiunto che va alla consulenza non è tecnicamente profitto ma rendita
> (pp. 103 e ss.).
> L’esternalizzazione non si limita alle competenze, perché stiamo
> assistendo anche ad outsourcing delle relazioni e delle emozioni
> aziendali. Se ai consulenti di cui parla il libro aggiungiamo anche la
> grande proliferazione di coach, counselor, psicologi del lavoro,
> facilitatori, esperti di risoluzione di conflitti…, ci accorgiamo che le
> imprese stanno rinunciando a gestire non solo strategie e governance:
> stanno rinunciando a gestire anche le loro persone, soprattutto le loro
> criticità e le fragilità, come hanno rinunciato alla mensa e alle
> pulizie appaltandole ad agenzie esterne. Il consulente è un mediatore, a
> cui io impresa do l’incarico di “toccarti” al mio posto, per evitare il
> contagio della relazione. È una forma di immunitas, direbbe R. Esposito.
> La consulenza è dunque buona solo se segue il “principio di
> sussidiarietà”, se è di aiuto al management e non sostituto come invece
> in genere accade, perché il mondo della consulenza è quasi per natura
> anti-sussidiario – arriva con soluzioni e protocolli che troppo
> velocemente applica alla realtà senza averla prima sufficiente e
> adeguatamente auscultata.
> C’è, infine, un altro grande pericolo che le autrici segnalano (insieme a
> molti altri). È quello del potere senza rischio. Queste imprese di
> consulenza influenzano e spesso dettano le scelte delle aziende ma non si
> assumono le conseguenze di queste azioni. Si spezza così il nesso tra
> potere e responsabilità, che era al cuore non solo delle imprese ma,
> come dicono molte volte la Mazzucato e la Collington, della stessa
> democrazia.
> Il saggio è dunque un Sos politico e civile lanciato al cuore del nostro
> capitalismo, che è stato sempre governato da élite (lo sapevano bene già
> Pareto e Mosca nell’Ottocento), ma ora le élite sono sempre più
> invisibili perché nascoste sotto la retorica della tecnica.
>
> Mariana Mazzucato, Rosie Collington Il grande imbroglio Laterza, pagg.
> 352, € 26
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>> By Brendan Bordelon
>>
>> 10/13/2023 05:00 AM EDT
>>
>> An organization backed by Silicon Valley billionaires and tied to
>> leading artificial intelligence firms is funding the salaries of more
>> than a dozen AI fellows in key congressional offices, across federal
>> agencies and at influential think tanks.
>>
>> The fellows funded by Open Philanthropy, which is financed primarily by
>> billionaire Facebook co-founder and Asana CEO Dustin Moskovitz
>> <https://www.openphilanthropy.org/about-us/> and his wife Cari Tuna, are
>> already involved in negotiations that will shape Capitol Hill’s
>> accelerating plans to regulate AI. And they’re closely tied to a
>> powerful influence network that’s pushing Washington to focus on the
>> technology’s long-term risks — a focus critics fear will divert Congress
>> from more immediate rules that would tie the hands of tech firms.
>>
>> [...]
>>
>> continua qui:
>> https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/13/open-philanthropy-funding-ai-polic…
>>
>>
>>
>>
Nov. 12, 2023
Re: [nexa] "How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington"
by maurizio lana
Il 12/11/23 14:53, "J.C. DE MARTIN" <juancarlos.demartin(a)polito.it> ha
scritto:
> Date: Sun, 12 Nov 2023 14:31:09 +0100
> From: "J.C. DE MARTIN"<juancarlos.demartin(a)polito.it>
> To: Nexa<nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it>
> Subject: [nexa] "How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took
> over Washington"
>
> *How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington*
>
> /A sprawling network spread across Congress, federal agencies and think
> tanks is pushing policymakers to put AI apocalypse at the top of the
> agenda — potentially boxing out other worries and benefiting top AI
> companies with ties to the network./
a proposito di "a sprawling network spread across Congress, federal
agencies and think tanks", segnalo questo articolo sul Domenicale del
Sole24ore di oggi 12 novembre:m Luigino Bruni. «La bolla delle società
di consulenza» che recensisce Mariana Mazzucato, Rosie Collington, Il
grande imbroglio, Laterza.
Mazzucato e Collington mostrano che è un problema che riguarda tutti
(che si presenta in tutti i paesi)
Maurizio
«La nostra analisi dell’industria della consulenza traccia un quadro
cupo della situazione attuale. Tutti questi contratti con società che
interpretano i ruoli più vari (consigliere, legittimatrici di decisioni
controverse, appaltatrici di servizi esternalizzati) indeboliscono le
imprese, infantilizzano il settore pubblico e distorcono l’economia» (p.
12).
È questa la tesi principale del bel libro di Mariana Mazzucato e Rosie
Collington, un saggio che tocca un tema decisivo e troppo trascurato del
capitalismo contemporaneo, perché le molte forme della consulenza sono
cresciute come un’edera attorno all’albero dell’economia e delle
istituzioni, ormai fanno parte del paesaggio e non riusciamo più a
percepirne la dimensione parassita e invasiva. Ma perché le società di
consulenza soprattutto le grandi compagnie globali – da strumento di
aiuto (come si presentano) sono, o dovrebbero essere, una debolezza di
imprese, governo e istituzioni?
E quando, e dove, e grazie a chi la consulenza da risorsa è diventata
una minaccia? E perché l’industria cresce così velocemente, con un
fatturato globale sfiora i mille miliardi di dollari l’anno? Il libro,
attraverso i vari capitoli (che sono forse troppi, con ripetizioni
evitabili, con molti dati-fatti e non abbastanza teoria che invece
potevamo aspettarci, visto l’alto profilo della Mazzucato), cerca di
rispondere esattamente a questa domanda cruciale.
Una premessa.
Nel XX secolo il paradigma dominante era la democrazia, e quindi la
partecipazione. Nel XXI secolo il paradigma vincente e quindi ormai
pervasivo è il business con le sue nuove élite e profeti: se vuoi fare
una cosa seria devi imitare le grandi imprese, e per imitarle devi
imparare da chi sa come si fanno le cose.
Una pervasività che dall’economia è emigrata ad ogni tipo di
istituzione, sempre più quelle politiche. Le autrici sono molto
preoccupate del crescente ruolo dei consulenti dentro Governi dei Paesi
e nelle istituzioni internazionali – e nelle Ong, nelle religioni e
nelle chiese, aggiungo io. Ecco allora splendere la figura del consulente
top-di-gamma, che, con spettacolari power point e citazioni ad effetto
di poeti e guru, si presenta come una figura di medico universale delle
istituzioni. In quanto tecnico non incontra la diffidenza che hanno
incontrato gli esperti di ieri (professori, intellettuali, persino
scienziati), perché i nuovi medici sono ideologicamente neutrali:
parlano in nome della oggettiva tecnica, e quindi le loro diagnosi e le
loro terapie sono auto-evidenti.
I due aspetti per me cruciali del libro sono l’infantilizzazione e
l’outsourcing delle competenze. L’infantilizzazione dei governi (cap.
6), ma anche delle organizzazioni, nasce dalla progressiva riduzione di
autonomia delle imprese in mano alla consulenza. Ciò che all’inizio si
presenta come un aiuto al management, con il tempo diventa una presenza
via via più pervasiva e sostitutiva, che cresce insieme all’insicurezza
di imprenditori e management che, presto, si ritrovano a perdere
autonomia per le scelte più importanti. Si crea quella che le autrici
chiamano una versa e propria “dipendenza” (addiction) da consulenti, e,
come tutte le dipendenze, per mantenere domani la stessa soddisfazione
di oggi devo aumentare la dote. Ciò che nel Novecento era affidato al
management sta passando alla consulenza, in un contratto narcisistico
mutuamente vantaggioso, almeno così appare ad entrambe le parti – la
dipendenza perniciosa si rivela col tempo (p. 156).
La consulenza, poi, cresce soprattutto come risposta ad una domanda dal
mondo delle imprese e delle istituzioni: «l’offerta è una risposta ad
una domanda» (p. 104). E ciò perché la presenza delle grandi società di
consulenza svolge la funzione di certificazione di scelte delicate e
controverse, sulle quali le imprese-istituzioni sono insicure, in un
mercato e un mondo sempre più complesso. E così il consulente certifica –
come si certificano i bilanci – che quella scelta è seria,
tranquillizzando non solo gli stakeholders ma anche e soprattutto gli
stessi imprenditori e manager: «I consulenti vengono assoldati perché
possono fornire una legittimazione alle decisioni del manager» (p. 127).
L’infantilizzazione è dunque perdita di autonomia, di responsabilità e
di controllo sulle scelte che vengono “appaltate” a terzi; ma, e qui sta
il punto, una volta che la parte più importante delle dinamiche
aziendali sono esternalizzate le aziende perdono conoscenza, know-how e
know-why, e si ritrovano sempre più dipendenti da chi quelle conoscenze
le ha, e che usa spesso in conflitto oggettivo di interesse: le stesse
compagnie assistono i governi per ridurre le emissioni di CO2 e le
imprese che le aumentano (p. 241). Ecco perché la quota di valore
aggiunto che va alla consulenza non è tecnicamente profitto ma rendita
(pp. 103 e ss.).
L’esternalizzazione non si limita alle competenze, perché stiamo
assistendo anche ad outsourcing delle relazioni e delle emozioni
aziendali. Se ai consulenti di cui parla il libro aggiungiamo anche la
grande proliferazione di coach, counselor, psicologi del lavoro,
facilitatori, esperti di risoluzione di conflitti…, ci accorgiamo che le
imprese stanno rinunciando a gestire non solo strategie e governance:
stanno rinunciando a gestire anche le loro persone, soprattutto le loro
criticità e le fragilità, come hanno rinunciato alla mensa e alle
pulizie appaltandole ad agenzie esterne. Il consulente è un mediatore, a
cui io impresa do l’incarico di “toccarti” al mio posto, per evitare il
contagio della relazione. È una forma di immunitas, direbbe R. Esposito.
La consulenza è dunque buona solo se segue il “principio di
sussidiarietà”, se è di aiuto al management e non sostituto come invece
in genere accade, perché il mondo della consulenza è quasi per natura
anti-sussidiario – arriva con soluzioni e protocolli che troppo
velocemente applica alla realtà senza averla prima sufficiente e
adeguatamente auscultata.
C’è, infine, un altro grande pericolo che le autrici segnalano (insieme a
molti altri). È quello del potere senza rischio. Queste imprese di
consulenza influenzano e spesso dettano le scelte delle aziende ma non si
assumono le conseguenze di queste azioni. Si spezza così il nesso tra
potere e responsabilità, che era al cuore non solo delle imprese ma,
come dicono molte volte la Mazzucato e la Collington, della stessa
democrazia.
Il saggio è dunque un Sos politico e civile lanciato al cuore del nostro
capitalismo, che è stato sempre governato da élite (lo sapevano bene già
Pareto e Mosca nell’Ottocento), ma ora le élite sono sempre più
invisibili perché nascoste sotto la retorica della tecnica.
Mariana Mazzucato, Rosie Collington Il grande imbroglio Laterza, pagg.
352, € 26
>
> By Brendan Bordelon
>
> 10/13/2023 05:00 AM EDT
>
> An organization backed by Silicon Valley billionaires and tied to
> leading artificial intelligence firms is funding the salaries of more
> than a dozen AI fellows in key congressional offices, across federal
> agencies and at influential think tanks.
>
> The fellows funded by Open Philanthropy, which is financed primarily by
> billionaire Facebook co-founder and Asana CEO Dustin Moskovitz
> <https://www.openphilanthropy.org/about-us/> and his wife Cari Tuna, are
> already involved in negotiations that will shape Capitol Hill’s
> accelerating plans to regulate AI. And they’re closely tied to a
> powerful influence network that’s pushing Washington to focus on the
> technology’s long-term risks — a focus critics fear will divert Congress
> from more immediate rules that would tie the hands of tech firms.
>
> [...]
>
> continua qui:
> https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/13/open-philanthropy-funding-ai-polic…
>
>
>
> -------------- next part --------------
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Sun, 12 Nov 2023 13:53:11 +0000
> From: Roberto Dolci<rob.dolci(a)aizoon.us>
> To: "J.C. DE MARTIN"<juancarlos.demartin(a)polito.it>, Nexa
> <nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it>
> Subject: Re: [nexa] "How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers
> took over Washington"
> Message-ID:<52dfb5fd4e954accbee3dddc0a8f23bb(a)aizoon.us>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> L’Executive Order contiene dei buoni principi ma sbaglia completamente l’approccio all’open source e specialmente al tema del controllo, favorendo le grandi multinazionali a discapito di piccole aziende, ricercatori e spinoff. Un pasticcio, di cui ho scritto su Zafferano.News ieri.
> Ciao
> Rob
>
> From: nexa<nexa-bounces(a)server-nexa.polito.it> On Behalf Of J.C. DE MARTIN
> Sent: Sunday, November 12, 2023 7:31 AM
> To: Nexa<nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it>
> Subject: [nexa] "
> How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington
>
> A sprawling network spread across Congress, federal agencies and think tanks is pushing policymakers to put AI apocalypse at the top of the agenda — potentially boxing out other worries and benefiting top AI companies with ties to the network.
>
> By Brendan Bordelon
>
> 10/13/2023 05:00 AM EDT
>
> An organization backed by Silicon Valley billionaires and tied to leading artificial intelligence firms is funding the salaries of more than a dozen AI fellows in key congressional offices, across federal agencies and at influential think tanks.
>
> The fellows funded by Open Philanthropy, which is financed primarily by billionaire Facebook co-founder and Asana CEO Dustin Moskovitz<https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com?d=openphilanthropy.org&u=aHR0cHM6Ly…> and his wife Cari Tuna, are already involved in negotiations that will shape Capitol Hill’s accelerating plans to regulate AI. And they’re closely tied to a powerful influence network that’s pushing Washington to focus on the technology’s long-term risks — a focus critics fear will divert Congress from more immediate rules that would tie the hands of tech firms.
>
> [...]
>
> continua qui:https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/13/open-philanthropy-funding-ai-p…<https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com?d=politico.com&u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG…>
>
>
>
> -------------- next part --------------
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Subject: Digest Footer
>
> _______________________________________________
> nexa mailing list
> nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it
> https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> End of nexa Digest, Vol 175, Issue 11
> *************************************
------------------------------------------------------------------------
e non sapevano
che celavo una continua
attesa d'andarmene
D. M. Turoldo
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maurizio Lana
Università del Piemonte Orientale
Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici
Piazza Roma 36 - 13100 Vercelli
Nov. 12, 2023
Re: [nexa] "How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington"
by Roberto Dolci
L’Executive Order contiene dei buoni principi ma sbaglia completamente l’approccio all’open source e specialmente al tema del controllo, favorendo le grandi multinazionali a discapito di piccole aziende, ricercatori e spinoff. Un pasticcio, di cui ho scritto su Zafferano.News ieri.
Ciao
Rob
From: nexa <nexa-bounces(a)server-nexa.polito.it> On Behalf Of J.C. DE MARTIN
Sent: Sunday, November 12, 2023 7:31 AM
To: Nexa <nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it>
Subject: [nexa] "
How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington
A sprawling network spread across Congress, federal agencies and think tanks is pushing policymakers to put AI apocalypse at the top of the agenda — potentially boxing out other worries and benefiting top AI companies with ties to the network.
By Brendan Bordelon
10/13/2023 05:00 AM EDT
An organization backed by Silicon Valley billionaires and tied to leading artificial intelligence firms is funding the salaries of more than a dozen AI fellows in key congressional offices, across federal agencies and at influential think tanks.
The fellows funded by Open Philanthropy, which is financed primarily by billionaire Facebook co-founder and Asana CEO Dustin Moskovitz<https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com?d=openphilanthropy.org&u=aHR0cHM6Ly…> and his wife Cari Tuna, are already involved in negotiations that will shape Capitol Hill’s accelerating plans to regulate AI. And they’re closely tied to a powerful influence network that’s pushing Washington to focus on the technology’s long-term risks — a focus critics fear will divert Congress from more immediate rules that would tie the hands of tech firms.
[...]
continua qui: https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/13/open-philanthropy-funding-ai-polic…<https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com?d=politico.com&u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG…>
Nov. 12, 2023
"How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington"
by J.C. DE MARTIN
*How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington*
/A sprawling network spread across Congress, federal agencies and think
tanks is pushing policymakers to put AI apocalypse at the top of the
agenda — potentially boxing out other worries and benefiting top AI
companies with ties to the network./
By Brendan Bordelon
10/13/2023 05:00 AM EDT
An organization backed by Silicon Valley billionaires and tied to
leading artificial intelligence firms is funding the salaries of more
than a dozen AI fellows in key congressional offices, across federal
agencies and at influential think tanks.
The fellows funded by Open Philanthropy, which is financed primarily by
billionaire Facebook co-founder and Asana CEO Dustin Moskovitz
<https://www.openphilanthropy.org/about-us/> and his wife Cari Tuna, are
already involved in negotiations that will shape Capitol Hill’s
accelerating plans to regulate AI. And they’re closely tied to a
powerful influence network that’s pushing Washington to focus on the
technology’s long-term risks — a focus critics fear will divert Congress
from more immediate rules that would tie the hands of tech firms.
[...]
continua qui:
https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/13/open-philanthropy-funding-ai-polic…
Nov. 12, 2023
"It’s shockingly easy to buy sensitive data about US military personnel"
by J.C. DE MARTIN
*It’s shockingly easy to buy sensitive data about US military personnel*
/A new report exposes the privacy and national security concerns created
by data brokers. US senators tell MIT Technology Review the industry
needs to be regulated.
/
By Tate Ryan-Mosley
November 6, 2023
For as little as $0.12 per record, data brokers in the US are selling
sensitive private data about active-duty military members and veterans,
including their names, home addresses, geolocation, net worth, and
religion, and information about their children and health conditions.
In a unsettling study published on Monday
<https://techpolicy.sanford.duke.edu/data-brokers-and-the-sale-of-data-on-us…>,
researchers from Duke University approached 12 data brokers in the US
and asked what would be necessary to buy this kind of information; they
ultimately purchased thousands of records about American service
members, finding that many brokers offered to sell the data with minimal
vetting and were willing to deal with buyers using email domains based
in both the US and Asia.
[...]
continua qui:
https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/11/06/1083002/sensitive-data-about-us…
Nov. 11, 2023
Re: [nexa] cory doctorow
by benjuade
La live è iniziata su YouTube?
On 7 November 2023 16:58:31 CET, Stefano Quintarelli <stefano(a)quintarelli.it> wrote:
>Stasera ore 21:00 discussione su – The Internet Con: How to Seize the Means of Computation – Cory Doctorow L’incontro sulla “truffa di Internet”, in lingua inglese, previsto per lo scorso 11 ottobre che non ha avuto luogo per motivi tecnici.
>
>
>su youtube o via zoom https://copernicani.it/the-internet-con-how-to-seize-the-means-of-computati…
>
>https://www.youtube.com/@Copernicani
>
>vi aspetto numerosi!
>
>:-)
>_______________________________________________
>nexa mailing list
>nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it
>https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa
Nov. 7, 2023
Re: [nexa] cory doctorow
by David Orban
Mi correggo: ricevuto!
Scusate il disturbo... :)
David Orban
"What is the question that I should be asking?"
davidorban.com
On Tue, Nov 7, 2023 at 8:53 PM David Orban <david(a)davidorban.com> wrote:
> Mi sono iscritto con Eventbrite ma non ho ricevuto il collegamento a Zoom.
>
> Qualcuno che l'abbia ricevuto me lo può inviare? :)
>
> David Orban
> "What is the question that I should be asking?"
> davidorban.com
>
>
> On Tue, Nov 7, 2023 at 4:58 PM Stefano Quintarelli <stefano(a)quintarelli.it>
> wrote:
>
>> Stasera ore 21:00 discussione su – The Internet Con: How to Seize the
>> Means of Computation
>> – Cory Doctorow L’incontro sulla “truffa di Internet”, in lingua inglese,
>> previsto per lo
>> scorso 11 ottobre che non ha avuto luogo per motivi tecnici.
>>
>>
>> su youtube o via zoom
>>
>> https://copernicani.it/the-internet-con-how-to-seize-the-means-of-computati…
>>
>> https://www.youtube.com/@Copernicani
>>
>> vi aspetto numerosi!
>>
>> :-)
>> _______________________________________________
>> nexa mailing list
>> nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it
>> https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa
>>
>
Nov. 7, 2023
Re: [nexa] cory doctorow
by David Orban
Mi sono iscritto con Eventbrite ma non ho ricevuto il collegamento a Zoom.
Qualcuno che l'abbia ricevuto me lo può inviare? :)
David Orban
"What is the question that I should be asking?"
davidorban.com
On Tue, Nov 7, 2023 at 4:58 PM Stefano Quintarelli <stefano(a)quintarelli.it>
wrote:
> Stasera ore 21:00 discussione su – The Internet Con: How to Seize the
> Means of Computation
> – Cory Doctorow L’incontro sulla “truffa di Internet”, in lingua inglese,
> previsto per lo
> scorso 11 ottobre che non ha avuto luogo per motivi tecnici.
>
>
> su youtube o via zoom
>
> https://copernicani.it/the-internet-con-how-to-seize-the-means-of-computati…
>
> https://www.youtube.com/@Copernicani
>
> vi aspetto numerosi!
>
> :-)
> _______________________________________________
> nexa mailing list
> nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it
> https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa
>
Nov. 7, 2023
cory doctorow
by Stefano Quintarelli
Stasera ore 21:00 discussione su – The Internet Con: How to Seize the Means of Computation
– Cory Doctorow L’incontro sulla “truffa di Internet”, in lingua inglese, previsto per lo
scorso 11 ottobre che non ha avuto luogo per motivi tecnici.
su youtube o via zoom
https://copernicani.it/the-internet-con-how-to-seize-the-means-of-computati…
https://www.youtube.com/@Copernicani
vi aspetto numerosi!
:-)
Nov. 7, 2023