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Guida pratica agli NFT – Arte & Diritto al tempo dei Non Fungible Token (gratuita)
by Matteo G.P. Flora April 26, 2021

April 26, 2021

Gli NFT sono artefatti digitali, in gergo “token non fungibili” che utilizzano la tecnologia blockchain per creare unicità e dare valore agli oggetti digitali, oppure per certificare ed autenticare oggetti fisici. Sono anche uno dei fenomeni del momento, con migliaia di autori al mondo che hanno saputo approfittare delle peculiarità di questo nuovo strumento per creare valore nelle loro opere. *La guida è liberamente scaricabile (pdf, epub, mobi) qui » https://guidanft.it <https://guidanft.it>* Inizialmente, gli NFT hanno investito il mondo delle arti visive, creando nuove modalità di creazione e fruizione delle opere d’arte e stravolgendo il mercato, ma la vera rivoluzione della “tokenizzazione” deve ancora dispiegare i suoi effetti: offrirà una maggiore personalizzazione dei diritti e permetterà interazioni che prima non erano immaginabili. Con i colleghi di 42 Law Firm, e con la collaborazione dei suoi partner tecnologici, abbiamo voluto raccogliere in una guida pratica tutto ciò che sappiamo ad oggi sugli NFT, per offrire uno strumento immediato e pratico che consenta a chiunque di comprendere questo nuovo fenomeno e di muovere anche in autonomia i primi passi in un fiorente e variegato mercato. La guida si propone istruire il lettore alla creazione e messa in vendita di semplici NFT, ma offre al contempo anche una prima disamina degli aspetti tecnici e legali di maggiore interesse, mettendo queste informazioni a disposizione di tutti coloro che sono incuriositi da questo nuovo strumento di gestione della proprietà e dei diritti connessi. *La guida è liberamente scaricabile (pdf, epub, mobi) qui » https://guidanft.it <https://guidanft.it>* Un saluto a tutti! M. -- *Matteo G.P. Flora* *Professor (adj.) *in *'**Corporate Reputation <http://matteoflora.com/#prof>** and Storytelling' *in University of Pavia Founder and co-ceo » *THE FOOL <http://matteoflora.com/#aziende> *- *Customer Insights for Reputation and Value Strategy* Co-founder » *LT42 <http://matteoflora.com/#aziende> *- *Legal-Automation and Legal-Tech* Partner » *42 LAW FIRM <http://matteoflora.com/#aziende> *- *Lawyers for Digital Transformation* M. +39.347.9676430 - mf(a)thefool.it <http://matteoflora.com/#ci>

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How to Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency
by Giovanni Biscuolo April 26, 2021

April 26, 2021

Buongiorno, considerato che di tanto in tanto straparlo di GNU Taler, mi permetto di segnalarvi: https://taler.net/papers/cbdc2021en.pdf --8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8--- How to Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency By David Chaum (a), Christian Grothoff (b), and Thomas Moser (c) (a) xx Network (b) Bern University of Applied Sciences and GNU Project (c) Swiss National Bank This version: January 2021 First version: May 2020 Abstract With the emergence of Bitcoin and recently proposed stablecoins from BigTechs, such as Diem (formerly Libra), central banks face growing competition from private actors offering their own digital alternative to physical cash. We do not address the normative question whether a central bank should issue a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or not. Instead, we contribute to the current research debate by showing how a central bank could do so, if desired. We propose a token-based system without distributed ledger technology and show how earlier-deployed, software-only electronic cash can be improved upon to preserve transaction privacy, meet regulatory requirements in a compelling way, and offer a level of quantum-resistant protection against systemic privacy risk. Neither monetary policy nor financial stability would be materially affected because a CBDC with this design would replicate physical cash rather than bank deposits. I. Introduction Ever since the rise of personal computers in the 1980s, and especially since the National Science Foundation removed its restrictions on using the Internet for commercial purposes in 1991, there has been a quest to create digital cash for online payments. The earliest proposal was by Chaum (1983). Even though such schemes were implemented, they did not catch on; instead, credit card systems became the dominant online payment method. Nakamoto’s (2008) proposal for a purely peer-to-peer version of digital cash and the subsequent successful launch of Bitcoin have unleashed a new era of digital cash research and development. CoinMarketCap lists over 5,000 cryptocurrencies. Recently, central banks have started to consider, or at least study, the issuance of digital currencies (see Auer et. al. 2020, Boar et al. 2020, Kiff et al. 2020, and Mancini-Griffoli et al. 2018). [...] The token-based CBDC proposed here also allows the preservation of a key feature of physical cash: transaction privacy. It is usually argued that cryptographic privacy protections are so computationally demanding that the high resource requirements make their use on mobile devices infeasible (see Allen et al. 2020). While this may be true in the context of DLT, where public traceability of transactions is necessary to prevent double spending (Narayanan et al. 2016), it is not true for the Chaum-style blind-signature protocol with a central bank proposed in the present paper. Our CBDC, based on blind signatures and a two-tier architecture, guarantees perfect, quantum-resistant transaction privacy while providing anti-money laundering (AML) and counter terrorism financing (CFT) protections for society that are actually stronger than those of banknotes. [...] --8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8--- É dal 1983 che è tutto chiaro. Saluti, Giovanni. -- Giovanni Biscuolo Noi, incompetenti come siamo, non abbiamo alcun titolo per suggerire alcunché.

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Riforma fiscale (ipocrita, n.d.r.): lotta all’evasione con l’intelligenza artificiale
by Giovanni Biscuolo April 26, 2021

April 26, 2021

Buongionro nexiane, abbiamo appena commentato in merito ai problemini delle centinaia di persone ingiustamente condannate (e rovinate) "dal software" (Post Office UK) che già si intravedono i radiosi frutti dell'intelligenza articifiale per /prevenire/ l'evasione fiscale... sempre con 'sto sottofondo di insopportabile *ipocrisia* di /questioni di privacy/ :-O Ebbene sì, nella riforma fiscale nella quale il governo italiano si è impegnato verso l'EU esiste anche questo: https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2021/04/26/riforma-fiscale-limpegno-con-lu… «Riforma fiscale, l’impegno con l’Ue per “l’equilibrio dei conti pubblici”. Flat tax verso lo stop e lotta all’evasione con l’intelligenza artificiale (ma con l’incognita privacy)» di Chiara Brusini, 26 APRILE 2021 --8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8--- [...] Rafforzata, poi, la parte sul contrasto all’evasione: per l’Agenzia delle Entrate sono previste 2mila assunzioni aggiuntive ma soprattutto c’è il via libera a strumenti innovativi di analisi dei dati: intelligenza artificiale, machine learning, text mining. Pratiche previste da tutte le best practice internazionali sulla valutazione del “rischio fiscale” ma finora frenate, in Italia, anche da interpretazioni restrittive delle norme sulla privacy. [...] Sul fronte della lotta all’evasione fiscale le intenzioni, nonostante il primo provvedimento dell’esecutivo sia stato un condono, sembrano bellicose. L’Italia, si legge, “ha intenzione di intensificare l’attività di analisi dei dati a disposizione dell’Agenzia delle entrate che consenta di individuare preventivamente o tempestivamente posizioni da sottoporre ad accertamento fiscale“. Per aggredire gli oltre 100 miliardi l’anno di mancati versamenti si punta dunque non solo sull’incrocio dei dati “storici” per individuare i contribuenti che presentano “sintomi” di scarsa fedeltà tributaria, ma anche su strumenti come l’intelligenza artificiale e l’analisi delle relazioni, in grado addirittura di predire comportamenti futuri in materia di rapporti con il fisco. Tutte attività che richiedono ovviamente di potenziare l’Agenzia, impoverita (e invecchiata: l’età media è salita a 55 anni) da uscite e blocco del turnover. Oltre al concorso per 4.113 persone già bandito, verranno selezionate altre 2mila professionalità. Tra cui data scientist, informatici, esperti di fiscalità internazionale, ingegneri. Il primo intervento in ordine di tempo sarà però la ridefinizione della disciplina sulla riscossione dei tributi, oggi molto inefficace. Nel decreto che ha previsto il condono delle cartelle fino a 5mila euro datate 2000-2010 il governo ha dato 60 giorni al Tesoro per preparare una relazione con i criteri per rivedere il farraginoso iter. La scelta è tra due strade: o la cancellazione automatica dei ruoli dopo cinque anni dall’affidamento all’ex Equitalia – il risultato sarebbe nei fatti un condono permanente – oppure un’operazione chirurgica che miri a eliminare via via dal magazzino i soli crediti davvero inesigibili. Sarà una prima operazione verità per valutare in concreto l’impegno ad affrontare l’evasione di massa. --8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8--- Machine learning, text mining (eh? siete seri?), analisi delle relazioni, predizione del comportamento fiscale *futuro*? .../best/ practices internazionali? ...non voglio sapere quali sono le worst. Sapete che in confronto il Social Credit Sistem della Repubblica Popolare Cinese rischia di essere più trasparente ed equo [1] di quello all'occidentale? Quindi fateci capire: non siete capaci di esigere i crediti già accertati e /pretendete/ di risolvere il tutto _preventivamente_ divinando in merito a chi evaderà, usando i "Big Data"?!? Volete essere più cool dei GAFAM eh? ...come se già non lo sapeste chi evade o elude le tasse, sfruttando /esattamente/ tutti quei complicati meccanismi fiscali internazionali che voi avete messo in piedi ad arte... o volete convincerci che Amazon EU & Co. sono soggetti a tassazioni adeguate ai loro guadagni? Siete ipocriti, potentissimi sì ma sempre sfacciatamente ipocriti. Il sistema di pagamento per tracciare chi riceve denaro, e qundi deve dichiararlo, ma NON tracciare chi (e cosa) acquista con quel denaro ESISTE, c'è già da trent'anni, la sua implementazione (oggi) si chiama GNU Taler https://taler.net/en/ A voi invece piacciono le tecnologie cool, frega niente se per usarle dovete passare sopra la privacy *e* i diritti dei cittadini con lo schiacciasassi (oppure vi frega e lo fate apposta, sperando di non essere beccati)· Noi (plurale majestatis) saremo anche ignoranti, ma non siamo del tutto cretini e non è il caso che approfittate in questo modo della nostra pazienza. La fiducia sta per esaurirsi definitivamente, persa quella vedremo cosa riuscirà a tenerci assieme. Saluti, Giovanni. [1] il mio non è un endorsement, è una constatazione: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System date almeno un'occhiata alla comparazione con gli SCORING SYSTEMS di alcune altre nazioni: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#Comparison_to_other_coun… -- Giovanni Biscuolo Noi, incompetenti come siamo, non abbiamo alcun titolo per suggerire alcunché.

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Our customers received 40 billion more emails in February of 2021 than in February of 2020.” ...
by gianlucaquaglia＠gmail.com April 26, 2021

April 26, 2021

By Kate Morgan26th April 2021 Since the pandemic hit, we’ve been using more digital tools to work longer hours, creating a cognitive load that’s tough on our brains. How do we fix that? L Late last year, a tweet <https://twitter.com/delia_cai/status/1330597127131684870> from BuzzFeed trends editor Delia Cai went viral: “Another day of staring at the big screen while scrolling through my little screen so as to reward myself for staring at the medium screen all week,” she joked. It seems right on. More than a year into the pandemic, we are glued to our screens. And it’s not only about binging movies and scrolling through TikTok. As remote work has set in, we’re relying entirely on digital tools to keep in touch with each other and get our work done. This all-virtual-all-the-time nature of our everyday has led to a worrisome spike in ‘digital intensity’. It’s not just that we’re increasingly using digital tools to work; it’s that we’re also using digital tools more to /work more. /A new survey from Microsoft tracked the habits of more than 30,000 users in 31 countries <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/worklab/work-trend-index/hybrid-work> over the last year, and the results are alarming. “People spend 148% more minutes in weekly Teams meetings,” says Jared Spataro, Microsoft corporate vice-president. “An average user is sending 42% more chats after hours, and 200% more chats on weekends. Our customers received 40 billion more emails in February of 2021 than in February of 2020.” [...] continua qui https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210423-is-there-an-antidote-to-digit… --

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Minutes before Trump left office, millions of the Pentagon’s dormant IP addresses sprang to life
by Alberto Cammozzo April 26, 2021

April 26, 2021

Da Liberationtech: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/04/24/pentagon-internet-addr… <https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/04/24/pentagon-internet-addr…>> While the world was distracted with President Donald Trump leaving office on Jan. 20, an obscure Florida company discreetly announced to the world’s computer networks a startling development: It now was managing a huge unused swath of the Internet that, for several decades, had been owned by the U.S. military. What happened next was stranger still. The company, Global Resource Systems LLC, kept adding to its zone of control. Soon it had claimed 56 million IP addresses owned by the Pentagon. Three months later, the total was nearly 175 million. That’s almost 6 percent of a coveted traditional section of Internet real estate — called IPv4 — where such large chunks are worth billions of dollars on the open market. The entities controlling the largest swaths of the Internet generally are telecommunications giants whose names are familiar: AT&T, China Telecom, Verizon. But now at the top of the list was Global Resource Systems — a company founded only in September that has no publicly reported federal contracts and no obvious public-facing website. As listed in records, the company’s address in Plantation, Fla., outside Fort Lauderdale, is a shared workspace in an office building that doesn’t show Global Resource Systems on its lobby directory. A receptionist at the shared workspace said Friday that she could provide no information about the company and asked a reporter to leave. The company did not respond to requests for comment. The only announcement of Global Resources Systems’ management of Pentagon addresses happened in the obscure world of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) — the messaging system that tells Internet companies how to route traffic across the world. There, messages began to arrive telling network administrators that IP addresses assigned to the Pentagon but long dormant could now accept traffic — but it should be routed to Global Resource Systems. Network administrators began speculating about perhaps the most dramatic shift in IP address space allotment since BGP was introduced in the 1980s. “They are now announcing more address space than anything ever in the history of the Internet,” said Doug Madory, director of Internet analysis for Kentik, a network monitoring company, who was among those trying to figure out what was happening. He published a blog post on the mystery Saturday morning. The long life of a quick ‘fix’: Internet protocol from 1989 leaves data vulnerable to hijackers The theories were many. Did someone at the Defense Department sell off part of the military’s vast collection of sought-after IP addresses as Trump left office? Had the Pentagon finally acted on demands to unload the billions of dollars worth of IP address space the military has been sitting on, largely unused, for decades? An answer, of sorts, came Friday. The change is the handiwork of an elite Pentagon unit known as the Defense Digital Service, which reports directly to the secretary of defense. The DDS bills itself as a “SWAT team of nerds” tasked with solving emergency problems for the department and conducting experimental work to make big technological leaps for the military. Created in 2015, the DDS operates a Silicon Valley-like office within the Pentagon. It has carried out a range of special projects in recent years, from developing a biometric app to help service members identify friendly and enemy forces on the battlefield to ensuring the encryption of emails Pentagon staff were exchanging about coronavirus vaccines with external parties. Brett Goldstein, the DDS’s director, said in a statement that his unit had authorized a “pilot effort” publicizing the IP space owned by the Pentagon. “This pilot will assess, evaluate and prevent unauthorized use of DoD IP address space,” Goldstein said. “Additionally, this pilot may identify potential vulnerabilities.” The Path Forward: Safeguarding Global Innovation Keith J. Krach and Gen. Stanley McChrystal join Washington Post Live on Thursday, April 22 (The Washington Post) Goldstein described the project as one of the Defense Department’s “many efforts focused on continually improving our cyber posture and defense in response to advanced persistent threats. We are partnering throughout DoD to ensure potential vulnerabilities are mitigated.” The specifics of what the effort is trying to achieve remain unclear. The Defense Department declined to answer a number of questions about the project, and Pentagon officials declined to say why Goldstein’s unit had used a little-known Florida company to carry out the pilot effort rather than have the Defense Department itself “announce” the addresses through BGP messages — a far more routine approach. What is clear, however, is the Global Resource Systems announcements directed a fire hose of Internet traffic toward the Defense Department addresses. Madory said his monitoring showed the broad movements of Internet traffic began immediately after the IP addresses were announced Jan. 20. These hackers warned the Internet would become a security nightmare Madory said such large amounts of data could provide several benefits for those in a position to collect and analyze it for threat intelligence and other purposes. The data may provide information about how malicious actors operate online and could reveal exploitable weaknesses in computer systems. In addition, several Chinese companies use network numbering systems that resemble the U.S. military’s IP addresses in their internal systems, Madory said. By announcing the address space through Global Resource Systems, that could cause some of that information to be routed to systems controlled by the U.S. military. The data could also include accidental misconfigurations that could be exploited or fixed, Madory said. “If you have a very large amount of traffic, and someone knows how to go through it, you’ll find stuff,” Madory added. The U.S. government spent billions on a system for detecting hacks. The Russians outsmarted it. Russell Goemaere, a spokesman for the Defense Department, confirmed in a statement to The Washington Post that the Pentagon still owns all the IP address space and hadn’t sold any of it to a private party. [...]

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Jury acquits Extinction Rebellion protesters despite ‘no defence in law’ | Extinction Rebellion | The Guardian
by Alberto Cammozzo April 26, 2021

April 26, 2021

La notizia dell'assoluzione su basi morali e non giuridiche degli attivisti di Extinction Rebellion mi pare talmente singolare da meritare di essere registrata anche nel nostro contesto, in cui i vuoti normativi spesso sono più efficaci dei pieni. <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/23/jury-acquits-extinction…> Six Extinction Rebellion protesters have been cleared of causing criminal damage to Shell’s London headquarters despite the judge directing jurors that they had no defence in law. Two of the group’s co-founders, Simon Bramwell, 49, and Ian Bray, 53, were acquitted on Friday alongside Jane Augsburger, 55, Senan Clifford, 60, David Lambert, 62, and James “Sid” Saunders, 41, after a trial at Southwark crown court. The six, who represented themselves, were also cleared of individual counts of having an article with intent to destroy or damage property, while a seventh protester, Katerina Hasapopoulos, 43, earlier pleaded guilty to criminal damage. Prosecutor Diana Wilson told jurors that each of the defendants deliberately sprayed graffiti or smashed windows of the Shell building in Belvedere Road, central London, on 15 April 2019. The protest, which saw activists pour fake oil, glue themselves to windows and doors, break glass, climb on to a roof and spray graffiti, was part of wider Extinction Rebellion demonstrations across the capital. Wilson said that while some protesters stood outside the building holding banners or speaking through megaphones, “these defendants went further”, adding: “The seven involved caused significant damage.” All those who stood trial explained they had targeted the Shell building because the oil giant was directly contributing to the climate crisis, thereby causing serious injury and death, and argued that it was a “necessary” and “proportionate” response to the harm being caused. Clifford quoted Sir David Attenborough and former archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams in his evidence. He said: “I believe if I don’t do whatever I can to protect our Earth, to protect life on this Earth, to stop the death and injury that is and will be happening, I’m committing a crime, a really serious crime, and I’m willing to break a window, to paint a message on a wall, I’m willing to break the glass on that emergency button, even if some say that’s a crime. “Because this is a much bigger crime and I’m trying to stop that crime, I’m trying to protect life in the only way I feel I can.” Judge Gregory Perrins directed jurors that even if they thought the protesters were “morally justified”, it did not provide them with a lawful excuse to commit criminal damage. With the exception of Saunders, who claimed in his defence that he honestly believed Shell’s employees and shareholders would have consented to his criminal damage, the judge said: “They don’t have any defence in law for the charges they face.” But the jury of seven women and five men took seven hours and four minutes to acquit them of both charges. Some of the defendants waved at jurors, several of whom were visibly emotional, as they left court. Before reaching their verdicts, the jury had asked to see a copy of the oath they took when they were sworn in. Thanking jurors for their “care and attention”, the judge said: “This has been an unusual case.” Augsburger, Bramwell, Clifford, Lambert and Saunders, who are all from Stroud, Gloucestershire and Bray, from Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, were jubilant as they left court. Hasapopoulos, from Stroud will be sentenced later. Speaking after the verdicts, Bramwell said Hasapopoulos had only pleaded guilty because of childcare issues. He said: “This is such a significant victory for the consciousness of the British people when it comes to the huge, immediate threat of climate change and the absolute failure of our government to do anything meaningful about it.”

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Memento | 87° Nexa Lunch Seminar | 28 Aprile 2021
by Nexa Media April 26, 2021

April 26, 2021

Gentilissimi, vi ricordiamo che *mercoledì ***28 aprile*, dalle ore 13.00 alle ore 14.00*, si svolgerà l'87° Nexa Lunch Seminar, con un incontro dal titolo: */*/*"I rischi della sovranità digitale"*/*/.* Ospiti: *Simone Basso* (OONI) e *Edoardo Celeste* (Dublin City University). L'incontro si svolgerà in *modalità telematica*, utilizzando il software open source di conference call *Jitsi Meet*. Per chi vorrà partecipare live al seminario sarà possibile accedere alla conference call attraverso il seguente link: https://meet.nexacenter.org/LunchSeminar <https://meet.nexacenter.org/LunchSeminar> Maggiori informazioni sull'incontro sono disponibili alla pagina: https://nexa.polito.it/lunch-87 <https://nexa.polito.it/lunch-87> Cordiali saluti,   -- Anita Botta Communication Manager Nexa Center for Internet & Society Politecnico di Torino – DAUIN Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 - 10129 Torino _web:_ https://nexa.polito.it/ <https://nexa.polito.it/> _mail:_anita.botta@polito.it <mailto:anita.botta@polito.it> tel: 011 090 7219

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Bad software sent postal workers to jail, because no one wanted to admit it could be wrong - The Verge
by Alberto Cammozzo April 25, 2021

April 25, 2021

<https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/23/22399721/uk-post-office-software-bug-cri…> For the past 20 years UK Post Office employees have been dealing with a piece of software called Horizon, which had a fatal flaw: bugs that made it look like employees stole tens of thousands of British pounds. This led to some local postmasters being convicted of crimes, even being sent to prison, because the Post Office doggedly insisted the software could be trusted. After fighting for decades, 39 people are finally having their convictions overturned, after what is reportedly the largest miscarriage of justice that the UK has ever seen. The impact on these employees has been vast: according to the BBC, some have lost marriages or time with their children. Talking to the BBC, Janet Skinner said that she was taken away from her two kids for nine months when she was imprisoned, after the software showed a £59,000 shortfall. She also says she lost a job offer because of her criminal conviction. The time she and others like her spent in jail can’t be bought back, and it happened because software was taken at its word. According to the BBC, another woman, who swore she was innocent, was sent to prison for theft while she was pregnant. One man reportedly died by suicide after the computer system showed that he had lost almost £100,000. Within a few months, his replacement also faced losses due to discrepancies from the software. Horizon was made by Japanese company Fujitsu, and information from it was used to prosecute 736 Post Office employees between 2000 and 2014, some of whom ended up going to jail. Bugs in the system would cause it to report that accounts that were under the employees’ control were short — the BBC has reported that some employees even tried to close the gap by remortgaging their homes, or using their own money. It does seem like the nightmare for the employees may be coming to an end. The 39 who had their convictions overturned are following another six who were cleared of wrongdoing back in December. The Post Office has also been working on financially compensating other employees who were caught up by the software. [...]

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Mala innovazione: se bisogna fermarsi per salvare l’umano
by maurizio lana April 24, 2021

April 24, 2021

Condivido l'idea di Antonio che l'idea di augmented intellect di D. Englebart sia centrale ancora a distanza di 60 anni. In Englebart il computer è come un esoscheletro, è concepito per potenziare la capacità umane (poi vedremo se sono quelle dei buoni come Ripley in Alien - Scontro finale, o dei cattivi come Quaritch in Avatar) ed è quasi un grido la sua conclusione nel 1964 "After all, we spend great sums for disciplines aimed at understanding and harnessing nuclear power. Why not consider developing a discipline aimed at understanding and harnessing "neural power?" In the long run, the power of the human intellect is really much the more important of the two." JCR Licklider sviluppa riflessioni vicine a quelle di Engelbart con "Man Computer Symbiosis" [1] e con "The computer as a communication device"[2]. io agli studenti ne parlo chiamandolo "il paradigma Licklider-Engelbart", un paradigma tutt'ora vitale a mio avviso. l'idea di Engelbart era che "il computer" dovesse liberare l'intelligenza umana perché essa si potesse dedicare ai compiti in cui eccelle: We do not speak of isolated clever tricks that help in particular situations. We refer to a way of life in an integrated domain where hunches, cut-and-try, intangibles, and the human 'feel for a situation" usefully co-exist with powerful concepts, streamlined terminology and notation, sophisticated methods, and high-powered electronic aids.[3] oggi invece vediamo tentativi di sostituire l'intelligenza umana, con sistemi difettosi che tendono a perpetuare uno status quo iniquo. bisognerebbe forse, a mio avviso, in termini di comunicazione abbandonare la forma bipolare che esemplificherei come "l'IA scopre come è ripiegata una proteina, nessuno c'era mai riuscito prima"(ottimistica) e "l'IA controllerà e regolerà le nostre vite" (catastrofica). entrambe le forme implicano infatti l'agency dell'IA, che non esiste (l'agency, non l'IA!) perché l'agency è dei soggetti umani che compiono specifiche scelte per fare essere i software di IA ciò che sono, alimentandoli con i dati appropriati alla loro concezione del mondo. questo si deve sapere, deve essere comunicato. e tra l'altro ipostatizzare "l'IA" concorre a collocarla in uno spazio in cui sembra che i cittadini come singoli e come gruppo con le loro scelte non possano arrivare. invece non è così, si deve sapere che ci sono spazi di scelta e di azione per cambiare e che una buona politica serve[4]. maurizio [1] 1960. «Man-Computer Symbiosis». /IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics/ HFE-1 (1): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1960.4503259 <https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1960.4503259>. [2] con Robert W. Taylor. 1968. «The computer as a communication device». /Science and technology/ 76 (2): 21–41. http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src-rr-061… <http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src-rr-061…>. [3] 1962. «Augmenting human intellect: a conceptual framework.» AFOSR-3233. Menlo Park, CA: Stanford Research Institute. https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/289565.pdf <https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/289565.pdf> [4] Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=75788 <https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=75788> Il 23/04/21 12:00, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it ha scritto: > Message: 6 > Date: Fri, 23 Apr 2021 09:20:16 +0200 > From: Antonio Iacono<antiac(a)gmail.com> > To: Nexa<nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it> > Subject: [nexa] Mala innovazione: se bisogna fermarsi per salvare > l’umano > Message-ID: > <CAPN6PEQ6pnkgeOWK3EU4cRoST3rudUK5uvZUyU3HCkHYyW1mwA(a)mail.gmail.com> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" > > Quello in oggetto è il titolo di un articolo di Alessandro Longo di un > paio di giorni fa [1] che termina con: > "A volte la cosiddetta innovazione va fermata. A volte, almeno, > dobbiamo (sof)fermarci noi (per un po’): per riflettere sulla bontà di > quell’innovazione e di come integrarla nell’umano, rendendola umana. > Come dicono sempre più esperti di intelligenza artificiale e come > suggerisce lo stesso Regolamento UE. > Vanno tutelati così gli interessi di fruitori di quella tecnologia, ma > anche dei lavoratori, sui cui diritti non possiamo permetterci passi > indietro. > Appunto: un’innovazione che fa fare passi indietro alla società non è > un’innovazione; ma ha una funzione regressiva." > > Avevo scritto cose simili in questa lista un paio di mesi fa, sono > quindi d'accordo con quanto detto da Longo. > > Una piccola chiosa storica. > > Agli inizi degli anni Sessanta, a guidare l'ARPA c'era Jack Ruina [2]. > Anni dopo, ad una intervista, a chi gli chiese cosa si aspettassero i > militari dall'ARPA e dall'intelligenza artificiale, rispose: > "L'idea che avevano era di immettere in un potente calcolatore > informazioni qualitative del tipo: 'Il comandante dell'aviazione ha > bevuto due Martini' oppure ' Khrushchev non legge la Pravda il lunedì' > e il computer avrebbe recitato la parte di Sherlock Holmes, e ne > avrebbe concluso che i russi stavano costruendo un missile MX-72, o > qualcosa del genere." > Sia Ruina che Joseph Licklider [3] cercarono di mettere un freno a > questo "modo idiota di procedere" [parole loro]. > Poco tempo dopo un altro "pioniere dell'informatica moderna", tale > Douglas Engelbart [4] (se usiamo il 'mouse' è anche grazie a lui) > faticò a far passare l'idea di "intelligenza aumentata", il suo > "Augmenting Human Intellect" [5] anticipava il computer e internet di > qualche decennio. > Engelbart capì subito che i fautori dell'intelligenza artificiale > erano i suoi nemici filosofici. La loro "missione" era rimpiazzare gli > esseri umani con della macchine, mentre la sua visione consisteva > nell'estendere le capacità dell'uomo. > Ruina, Licklider, Engelbart, e poi Stallman e molti altri, gente che > non si limitava a seguire il "mainstream". > > Sessant'anni dopo le cose non sono cambiate di molto > Al posto dei tecnici in camice bianco che inseriscono schede perforate > negli enormi mainframe per "individuare modelli comportamentali fra > gli alti ufficiali sovietici", ci siamo noi che, volontariamente e > gratuitamente, immettiamo continuamente dati nella "megamacchina" che > è la rete. > E dall'altra parte c'è ancora chi, per interesse economico, politico o > militare, prova ancora a "individuare modelli comportamentali", > stavolta non degli odiati russi ma di tutti noi. > Se c'è un compito a cui l'università dovrebbe adempiere è quello di > formare degli "Engelbart" dotati di spirito critico e la forza e il > coraggio di sapere andare controcorrente (anche se questo dovesse > significare abbandonare il "proprio settore" per dedicarsi ad altri > "campi di ricerca"). > > Antonio > > [1]https://www.agendadigitale.eu/cultura-digitale/se-linnovazione-ci-fa-male-dal/ > [2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ruina > [3]https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Licklider > [4]https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart > [5]https://www.dougengelbart.org/content/view/138 > > > ------------------------------ > > Subject: Digest Footer > > _______________________________________________ > nexa mailing list > nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa > > > ------------------------------ > > End of nexa Digest, Vol 144, Issue 46 > ************************************* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ many of us believe the EU remains the most extraordinary, ambitious, liberal political alliance in recorded history. where it needs reform, where it needs to evolve, we should be there to help turn that heavy wheel. i. mcewan ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Maurizio Lana - 347 7370925

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"The Military Origins of Facebook"
by J.C. DE MARTIN April 24, 2021

April 24, 2021

*The Military Origins of Facebook* /Facebook’s growing role in the ever-expanding surveillance and “pre-crime” apparatus of the national security state demands new scrutiny of the company’s origins and its products as they relate to a former, controversial DARPA-run surveillance program that was essentially analogous to what is currently the world’s largest social network./ WHITNEY WEBB APRIL 12, 2021 [...] continua qui: https://unlimitedhangout.com/2021/04/investigative-reports/the-military-ori…

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