- nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

SFC Announces Aspirational Statement on LLM-backed generative AI for Programming
by Stefano Zacchiroli Oct. 30, 2024

Oct. 30, 2024

Assieme a Software Freedom Conservancy abbiamo annunciato qualche giorno fa un "aspirational statement", su come dovrebbe essere un assistente alla programmazione basato su AI, in un mondo tecnologico ideale nel quale tutto il software dovrebbe essere libero. Per cercare, ogni tanto, di guardare alla luna! Buona lettura. https://sfconservancy.org/news/2024/oct/25/aspirational-on-llm-generative-a… -------- SFC Announces Aspirational Statement on LLM-backed generative AI for Programming October 25, 2024 In 2022, Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) convened a committee in the wake of Microsoft's GitHub Copilot announcement, to meet and begin considering the complex questions that arise from the use of large language models (LLMs) in generative AI systems that seek to assist software developers. Today, we announce a joint statement by this committee, entitled Machine-Learning-Assisted Programming that Respects User Freedom. Everyone on our committee has watched as interest in this issue has grown in the FOSS community. While the Committee was initially convened to consider how copyleft related to these systems, our focus changed as we considered the complex issues. With the unending influx of models, products, and projects in this area, we began to see a potential dystopia: no systems available today are reproducible by the public, and all of them seem to disrespect user rights and freedoms in some manner. Rather than despair, we turned our minds to what FOSS does best: imagining the ideal if corporate interests were not the primary force defining society's relationship with software. In the past, the FOSS community has responded to new challenges with a race-to-the-bottom document that defines the bare minimum of user rights and freedoms that the community of activists will accept. For-profit companies hope to legitimately claim whatever they produce is “FOSS enough”. As such, we have avoided any process that effectively auto-endorses the problematic practices of companies whose proprietary products are already widely deployed . No system, particularly a proprietary one, should ever be "too big to fail". While our proposal may seem unrealistic, nearly every proposal in the history of FOSS has seemed unrealistic — until it happened. We call on the FOSS community to not lament what is, but to dream and strive for what can be. The statement follows: Continua qua: https://sfconservancy.org/news/2024/oct/25/aspirational-on-llm-generative-a… -- Stefano Zacchiroli . zack(a)upsilon.cc . https://upsilon.cc/zack _. ^ ._ Full professor of Computer Science o o o \/|V|\/ Télécom Paris, Polytechnic Institute of Paris o o o </> <\> Co-founder & CSO Software Heritage o o o o /\|^|/\ Mastodon: https://mastodon.xyz/@zacchiro '" V "'

2 1

Sweden and Norway rethink cashless society plans over Russia security fears
by Alberto Cammozzo Oct. 30, 2024

Oct. 30, 2024

<https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/30/sweden-and-norway-rethink-cas…> Sweden and Norway rethink cashless society plans over Russia security fears Miranda Bryant Sweden and Norway are backpedalling on plans for cashless societies over fears that fully digital payment systems would leave them vulnerable to Russian security threats, and concern for those unable to use them. A combination of good high-speed internet coverage, high digital literacy rates, large rural populations and fast-growing fintech industries had put the Nordic neighbours on a fast track to a future without cash. Swish, a mobile payment system that six banks launched in 2012, is ubiquitous in Sweden, from market stalls to coffee shops and clothes stores. The Norwegian equivalent, Vipps, which merged with Danish MobilePay in 2022 to form Vipps MobilePay, is also very popular. Last month, it also launched in Sweden. The former deputy governor of Sweden’s central bank predicted in 2018 that Sweden would probably be cashless by 2025. But Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and a subsequent rise in cross-border hybrid warfare and cyber-attacks blamed on pro-Russia groups have prompted a rethink. The Swedish government has since completely overhauled its defence and preparedness strategy, joining Nato, starting a new form of national service and reactivating its psychological defence agency to combat disinformation from Russia and other adversaries. Norway has tightened controls on its previously porous border with Russia. The security rethink extends to the fundamentals of how people pay for goods and services. In a brochure with the title If Crisis or War Comes that will be sent to every home in Sweden next month, the defence ministry advises people to use cash regularly and keep at least a week’s supply in various denominations as well as access to other forms of payment such as bank cards and digital payment services. “If you can pay in several different ways, you strengthen your preparedness,” it says. The government is also considering legislation to protect the ability to pay in cash for certain goods. Cash is legal tender in Sweden, but shops and restaurants can effectively make themselves cashless as long as they display a notice setting out their restrictions on payment methods. Norwegian retail customers have always had the right to pay in cash, but it has not been enforced and in recent years increasing numbers of retailers have gone cashless, locking out about 600,000 people who do not have access to digital services. The government acted over the summer, bringing in legislation under which retailers can be fined or sanctioned if they do not accept cash payments from 1 October. The justice and public security ministry said it “recommends everyone keep some cash on hand due to the vulnerabilities of digital payment solutions to cyber-attacks”. It said the government took preparedness seriously “given the increasing global instability with war, digital threats, and climate change. As a result, they’ve ensured that the right to pay with cash is strengthened”. The country’s justice and emergencies minister, Emilie Enger Mehl, said earlier this year: “If no one pays with cash and no one accepts cash, cash will no longer be a real emergency solution once the crisis is upon us.” Prolonged power cuts, system failures or digital attacks on payment systems and banks could leave cash as “the only alternative that is easily available”, she said. Max Brimberg, a researcher at Sweden’s central bank, said the move away from cash had been driven largely by the private sector. Many of the country’s banks abolished cash in local branches some time ago, which made digital payment services easy to roll out to a very willing public. The percentage of cash purchases in physical shops has fallen from almost 40% in 2012 to about 10% in recent years, and Brimberg said there was growing concern about cash becoming obsolete. “That’s something that we as a central bank and also the central government see as a potential risk, especially for the people who still haven’t adopted the digital economy and also for preparedness if there were to be a weaponised attack or armed attack against Sweden or a close country,” he said. “So cash fills a very specific role in the payment system, both because it’s issued by the state but also because it’s the only form of payment that we can use if the systems for electricity or communications networks don’t work as they usually do.” Because all Swedish payment systems were part of one ecosystem, an attack could bring society to a standstill, he said. “Pretty much any function that you do in society you have to use some sort of payment or verification analysis, either by electronic ID or electronic payment,” he said. “All of those would be at risk of undermining the functionality of the entire system in Sweden if it were to fail.” The central bank is looking into creating and issuing an “e-krona” that would act as a “digital complement to cash”, but implementation would require a political mandate. Hans Liwång, a professor of systems science for defence and security at the Swedish Defence University, said there was a lack of evidence about whether cash was better than digital payments in the face of modern threats. Pointing to Ukraine, where digital systems have proved vital to its resilience, he said: “Ukraine is a very good example of moving into the future when there is war rather than backwards.”

2 1

L'Ue non sarà il "terzo polo" dell'Intelligenza artificiale fra Usa e Cina. Ecco perché. L'analisi di Aresu - Startmag
by J.C. DE MARTIN Oct. 30, 2024

Oct. 30, 2024

Da leggere e meditare: https://www.startmag.it/innovazione/intervista-alessandro-aresu-geopolitica… (messaggio spedito in movimento - scusate brevità ed eventuali refusi)

2 1

Una segnalazione e una richiesta
by fulvio benussi Oct. 30, 2024

Oct. 30, 2024

Buongiorno a tutt*, come dissi al Prof. Juan Carlos De Martin in occasione del convegno "L'intelligenza artificiale tra fatto e norma" in Università Cattolica da alcuni mesi seguo con interesse i dibattiti in questa Lista. Mi presento: sono un giornalista pubblicista e un formatore. Come giornalista sono direttore responsabile del magazine *Quaderni di Comunità. Persone, Educazione e Welfare nella società 5.0* della Link University di Roma. Sono membro dell'*Osservatorio Diritto & Innovazione Pubblica Amministrazione Bicocca.* Recentemente con Monica Constantin ho scritto l'articolo *Intelligenza Artificiale nelle Pubbliche Amministrazioni: come assicurare trasparenza e controllo democratico.* Mi farebbe davvero piacere se ricevessi da chi di voi vorrà farlo: critiche, osservazioni, suggerimenti, ecc. L'articolo può essere letto e scaricato al link: https://dipab.diseade.unimib.it/osservatorio-dipab-le-pubblicazioni/ Grazie per l'attenzione -- Fulvio Oscar Benussi ( 339 194 1926 Ai sensi del Reg.EU 2016/679 preciso che le informazioni contenute in questo messaggio, inclusi gli allegati, sono riservate e ad uso esclusivo del destinatario. Qualora il messaggio in parola Le fosse pervenuto per errore, La invito, per cortesia, ad eliminarlo senza copiarlo e a non inoltrarlo a terzi, dandomene gentilmente comunicazione. Qualsiasi violazione è sanzionabile a livello amministrativo, civile e penale. The information in this e-mail and in any files attached is confidential and may be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please destroy this message and notify the sender immediately. You should not retain, copy or use this e-mail for any purpose, not disclose all or any part of its contents to any other person according to the European Regulament EU n. 2016/679. =========================== Proteggi l'ambiente! Non stampare questa e-mail se non veramente necessario.

1 0

Re: [nexa] L'Ue non sarà il "terzo polo" dell'Intelligenza artificiale fra Usa e Cina. Ecco perché. L'analisi di Aresu - Startmag
by Giuseppe Attardi Oct. 30, 2024

Oct. 30, 2024

Da almeno 6 anni sto andando in giro a dire che l’Europa non doveva perdere il treno dell’AI, rifacendomi a quanto afferma Angelo Raffaele Meo, ossia che in informatica è sbagliato rassegnarsi dicendo che ormai abbiamo perso il treno, perché di treni ne passano in continuazione. Il punto cruciale è che per non perdere il prossimo treno bisogna prepararsi a prenderlo, facendo le scelte giuste riguardo a investimenti in formazione, infrastrutture, capitali e strutture societarie. Abbiamo perso il treno del cloud perché è fallito il piano del ministro dell’Economia tedesco che auspicava la costituzione di un Airbus per il cloud, limitandosi alla costituzione di Gaia-X, che si è persa a litigare sul come definire protocolli di interoperabilità, avendo al suo interno le stesse aziende americane con cui avrebbe dovuto competere. Immaginatevi se nel consorzio Airbus a decidere fosse stato il CdA di Boeing, quello che è stato condannato per i disastri del 747 Max, e che ha condotto l’azienda a processi produttivi in outsourcing terribilmente inadeguati. Lasciando perdere il modello Airbus, per l’AI siamo andati in giro per l’Europa, con l’associazione CAIRNE, sostenendo la necessità di un CERN for AI (https://cairne.eu/cern-for-ai/) una infrastruttura di ricerca comune dotata delle risorse adeguate per lo sviluppo dell’AI moderna, con progetti delle dimensioni di quelli come il LHC. Ho continuato a sentirmi dire che non c’era bisogno, che ogni paese ha le sue eccellenze e che sarebbe bastato mettere in rete i denti europei esistenti. Così sono stati finanziati progetti di rete (https://www.ai4europe.eu/Network-of-Excellence) quinquennale con un budget irrisori di poche decine di milioni di Euro. Quando dicevo che i modelli di AI stavano crescendo esponenzialemente di dimensioni, Cédric Villani, incaricato da Macron di scrivere la strategia francesse sull’AI, mi espresse i suoi dubbi. Nel frattempo il Parlamento europeo e la commissione hanno virato la loro attenzione sull’etica dell’AI e sulla sua regolamentazione, impiegando tutto il loro tempo nel promulgare una norma complessa, farraginosa, costosa, sbilanciata e alla fine controproducente come l’AI Act e la EC ha dirottare tutti i finanziamenti di ricerca su AI trustworthy o responsible, un ossimoro perché la responsabilità deve essere sempre dell’uomo e non della macchina. Quindi sì, certo, se continuiamo così, l’Europa non sarà il terzo polo dell’AI, ma nemmeno di cloud, di auto elettriche, di batterie, di energie rinnovabili, di microprocessori, ecc. Il guaio è che saremo superati non solo da Cina e da India, ma anche dalla Nigeria, quando il prossimo miliardo di persone si connetterà a Internet. Altro che immigrazione, saremo noi a dover emigrare: i nostri figli migliori già lo fanno. — Beppe > On 26 Oct 2024, at 12:00, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it wrote: > > Subject: [nexa] L'Ue non sarà il "terzo polo" dell'Intelligenza > artificiale fra Usa e Cina. Ecco perché. L'analisi di Aresu - > Startmag > Message-ID: <99F6608B-C8D3-4573-9469-BFF18EF8C68F(a)polito.it <mailto:99F6608B-C8D3-4573-9469-BFF18EF8C68F@polito.it>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 > > Da leggere e meditare: > https://www.startmag.it/innovazione/intervista-alessandro-aresu-geopolitica… >

4 7

Re: [nexa] Articolo GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. That’s why it’s under attack
by Giuseppe Attardi Oct. 30, 2024

Oct. 30, 2024

Sono pienamente d’accordo che l’approccio risk-based dell’AI Act sia sbagliato, al contrario della GDPR che sancisce in primo luogo quali siano i diritti delle persone da proteggere: tutto il resto ne consegue, determinare le violazioni, i rimedi e le pene da infliggere. Lo ho segnalato più volte in pubblici dibattiti, compreso ai relatori stessi della legge Benifei e Tudorache. La loro risposta è stata che la loro impostazione è quella giusta mentre la GDPR andrebbe rivista al loro modo. Sono invece un po’ perplesso sulle premesse, ossia che le Big Tech abbiano orientato la norma ai fini di rimanere esclusi dall’applicazione. Come si è svolta l’elaborazione della norma mostra che siano stati politici, mossi dalla presunzione di potere “fare la storia”, creare l’”effetto Bruxelles” con una rincorsa ad essere i primi, rimpinguando il testo sempre più di aggiunte e meccanismi sempre più complessi e farraginosi. Si pensi solo alle regulatory sandboxes, che nessuno sa cosa siano o come realizzare e quanto costino, i 4 uffici centrali più le almeno 27 agenzie nazionali di certifucazioni, l’aggiunta dei General Purpuse Model all’ultimo tuffo, che stride col resto, non essendo risk-based e discriminando sulla base della potenza di calcolo. Qualche azienda, ad esempio la francese Mistral, ha in effetti cercato di mitigare alcuni aspetti della norma, ma più che altro per difesa nazionalistica. Altri esponenti di grandi aziende, come Zuckerberg e il CEO di Spotify, si sono espressi contro il pericolo che la norma blocchi l’innovazione in Europa, ed infatti alcuni dei modelli più recenti, come LlaMa 3.5 e in particolare quelli multimodali, non vengono rilasciati qui da noi. Inoltre non vanno confusi i dati personali con i dati di apprendimento, il capitalismo di sorveglianza e l’AI. Anche se è vero che le aziende che dominano i due settori sono le stesse, e la sorveglianza usa tecniche simili o di AI, i settori sono diversi, ma soprattutto l’AI è una General Purpose Technology, quindi ha applicazioni in tutti i campi, non solo nella sorveglianza. Il fatto che non ci piaccia quest’ultima non deve portarci a bloccare tutte le altre applicazioni benefiche dell’AI, che sono molto più numerose. La vera battaglia è quella di democratizzare l’AI, ossia renderla disponibile a tutti, smontando i monopoli e costruendo infrastrutture pubbliche controllate democraticamente per orientare lo sviluppo della tecnologia verso obiettivi di interesse comune. Il modello dello sviluppo scientifico aperto è quello che ha portato alla società moderna, sconfiggendo tiranni, povertà e paure ataviche. > On 29 Oct 2024, at 20:01, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it wrote: > > Subject: [nexa] Articolo GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. > That’s why it’s under attack > Message-ID: <64c405f62b4e4d70829392698bcd859f(a)unipi.it> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" > > Buonasera, > > sottopongo alla revisione paritaria aperta un breve articolo, GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. That’s why it’s under attack: > > <https://commentbfp.sp.unipi.it/gdpr-could-protect-us-from-the-ai-act-thats-…> > > Qualsiasi commento è naturalmente benvenuto anche in questa lista. > > Grazie. > Un saluto, > Daniela > Subject: [nexa] Articolo GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. > That’s why it’s under attack > Message-ID: <64c405f62b4e4d70829392698bcd859f(a)unipi.it> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" > > Buonasera, > > sottopongo alla revisione paritaria aperta un breve articolo, GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. That’s why it’s under attack: > > <https://commentbfp.sp.unipi.it/gdpr-could-protect-us-from-the-ai-act-thats-…> > > Qualsiasi commento è naturalmente benvenuto anche in questa lista. > > Grazie. > Un saluto, > Daniela

1 0

Re: [nexa] Articolo GDPR - nexa Digest, Vol 186, Issue 57
by alessandro marzocchi Oct. 29, 2024

Oct. 29, 2024

Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 19:01:39 +0000 From: Daniela Tafani < daniela.tafani(a)unipi.it> To: "nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it" <nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it> Subject: [nexa] Articolo GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. That’s why it’s under attack sottopongo alla revisione paritaria aperta un breve articolo, GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. That’s why it’s under attack: < https://commentbfp.sp.unipi.it/gdpr-could-protect-us-from-the-ai-act-thats-…> *** At the moment there seem to be no forces capable of opposing the neoliberal oligarchic drive ... Amara mente, how many years ...? Da vecchio giurista pratico, condivido la critica di Roberto Caso contro - Multiply regulatory provisions, write them in a verbose and incoherent manner, and take power away from the ordinary judiciary (increasing that of countless administrative authorities). - Spread the regulatory declamations of love for fundamental rights, democracy and the rule of law all over the place (as smokescreen). - Betray the declamations with operational rules based on cosmetic principles and malignant exceptions. Tanti, inascoltati nonostante l'autorevolezza di più d'uno, avevano criticato la cattiva qualità normativa. Ma proprio questa critica legittima la richiesta di Mario Draghi per "simplified rules", anche i nostri vecchi dicevano che non si può avere la botte piena ed il coniuge ubriaco (rivisitazione non maschilista ma il senso sostanziale del proverbio mi pare identico a quello delle parole di Draghi). Sono pessimista sull'argomento, big tech sta conquistando la parola e la sta mettendo sotto padrone affondando il coltello nel burro. La valanga è solo cominciata ma spero che le mie opinioni siano sbagliate. Amara mente. Duccio (Alessandro Marzocchi)

1 0

Articolo GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. That’s why it’s under attack
by Daniela Tafani Oct. 29, 2024

Oct. 29, 2024

Buonasera, sottopongo alla revisione paritaria aperta un breve articolo, GDPR could protect us from the AI Act. That’s why it’s under attack: <https://commentbfp.sp.unipi.it/gdpr-could-protect-us-from-the-ai-act-thats-…> Qualsiasi commento è naturalmente benvenuto anche in questa lista. Grazie. Un saluto, Daniela

1 0

A community statement supporting the Open Source Definition (OSD)
by Giacomo Tesio Oct. 29, 2024

Oct. 29, 2024

We, the undersigned members of the Open Source community, assert that Open Source is defined solely by the Open Source Definition (OSD) version 1.9. Any amendments or new definitions shall only be recognized if declared by clear community consensus through a transparent process to be determined. ____ Dear Open Source Friends & Allies, For over two decades, the Open Source Definition (OSD) has been our shared foundation, safeguarding software freedoms and fostering a collaborative ecosystem. Forked from the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG), but until now aligned with them, the OSD has consistently set the standard for Open Source. Yet today, the Open Source Initiative (OSI) has introduced a new and divisive Open Source AI Definition (OSAID) 1.0, developed through closed-door processes that fundamentally conflict with the principles of openness and transparency that underpin our movement. Broadly covering any software that “infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs”, the OSAID is in direct conflict with the existing standard, failing in both openness and completeness dimensions. Continua su https://osd.fyi/ E' possibile sottoscriverla via email scrivendo a <~osd/sos(a)lists.sr.ht> Giacomo

2 2

Harvard University Law School CopyrightX - Turin University Affiliated Course 2024 Fall Edition
by Ejona Xhemalaj Oct. 28, 2024

Oct. 28, 2024

Gentilissimi, Sono lieta di inviarvi il seguente invito a presentare candidature per il corso *CopyrightX.* In allegato la call ed il formulario di applicazione di Harvard University Law School CopyrightX - Turin University Affiliated Course, FALL EDITION 2024. Grazie e un cordiale saluto, Ejona Xhemalaj ---------------------------------- *Harvard University Law School CopyrightX - Turin University Affiliated Course 2024 Fall Edition | Presentazione delle domande entro il 31 ottobre 2024* CopyrightX is a course on Copyright Law developed by *Professor William Fisher III *at Harvard University Law School and first offered online in the spring semester of 2013 under the auspices of the HarvardX distance-learning initiative and the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society. Since 2014, CopyrightX has also been offered as an affiliated course in several other countries, including Italy. The course explores the current law of copyright, the impact of that law on art, entertainment, and industry, and the ongoing debates concerning how the law should be reformed. Through a combination of recorded lectures, assigned readings, weekly seminars, live interactive webcasts, and online discussions, participants in the course, examine and assess how the copyright system seeks to stimulate and regulate creative expression. The *Harvard Law School CopyrightX - Turin University Affiliated Course* follows the outline of the Harvard presential course. The course focuses on US copyright law, in the context of the theoretical background provided by Professor Fisher’s lectures. In addition, during the weekly sessions, we will discuss EU copyright law and international and comparative perspectives.The *Harvard University CopyrightX - Turin University Affiliated Course* is coordinated by *Maximiliano Marzetti*, PhD, Associate Professor of Law at IESEG School of Management in Paris, and former Deputy Director to the Turin University-WIPO LLM in Intellectual Property, and is under the supervision of *Alessandro Cogo*, Associate Professor of Intellectual Property and Business Law at the University of Turin, School of Law, and Director to the Turin University-WIPO LLM in Intellectual Property. *Admission to the Harvard Law School CopyrightX - Turin University Affiliated Course is free of charge and open to anyone who has completed a bachelor’s degree, has knowledge or experience in copyright matters or intellectual property law, and has full professional command of the English language. The process is highly competitive, and enrollment is limited to a maximum of 20 successful applicants. Note that only accepted candidates will be notified (if you are not notified by the end of the notification period, consider your application rejected). No appeal or review of applications is possible.* You will need to devote at least 6 hours per week to CopyrightX (1.5 hours watching the recorded lectures, 1.5 hours participating in the weekly seminar, and 3 hours reading the materials in the syllabus). The 1.5-hour weekly seminars will be held on Zoom, on Fridays or Saturdays (to be determined at a later date by the course coordinator). At the date and time of the weekly seminar, the student must be able to connect from a quiet place, with sufficient broadband and remain visible and available at all times; active participation is expected. *Note that assistance to the weekly seminar is mandatory and a requisite to sit for the final exam. To be eligible for a certificate of completion, you must pass a written final examination that will be held at the end of the course. Before applying, please make sure you can commit to this course. If you are unsure, please abstain from applying. To apply, please complete the application form and email it to “maxmarzetti(a)gmail.com <maxmarzetti(a)gmail.com>”, with the subject: “COPYRIGHTX_TURIN24_APPLICATION OF_[YOUR_SURNAME,_YOUR_NAME].”*

1 0