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118° Mercoledì di Nexa | 10 aprile 2019
by Nexa Media April 8, 2019

April 8, 2019

Nexa Center for Internet and Society Newsletter Se non visualizzi correttamente questo messaggio clicca qui <http://nexa.polito.it/mercoledi-118> NEXA 118° Mercoledì di Nexa Mercoledì 10 aprile 2019, ore 18.00 - 20.00 Politecnico di Torino http://nexa.polito.it/mercoledi-118 Understanding cybergeography: visualizing how cyberspace and geopolitics interact Speaker Kavé Salamatian (University of Savoie) This event will be webcast live: https://nexa.polito.it/nexa-hangout-on-air The Internet is nowadays a major component of the contemporary world. Nonetheless, networks do not emerge in the void. They interconnect physical or logical agents that exists concretely and are therefore subject to diﬀerent forms of physical, political or economic constraints. *The network itself extends the abilities of its participating nodes and therefore go beyond the local constraints by opening new spaces or dimensions*. This the interplay of local constraints and global advantages that shapes the structure and properties of these new spaces. Internet and the cyberspace are built over equipment and infrastructures that are positioned in the geographical space. These physical component anchor strongly Internet, and the cyberspace, in the terrestrial space. *Cyberspace is a virtual and vaporous cloud that is rooted ﬁrmly in the concrete of geographic, economic, political, and physical interferences and constraints*. Overcoming these constraints have entailed colossal investments and for classical actors like governments or economic players, communication cables, satellites, data-centers, servers, etc., are vectors of power enforcement. Generally the distribution of Internet infrastructures in the terrestrial space poses classical problems in geography and geopolitics, like spatial planning or spatial inequalities, etc. One could therefore incline to think that Internet can be treated as any other infrastructure network like roads, pipelines, or energy transfer grids. Thus, the addition of a new type of artefact to classical geography or geopolitics should not transform the way of strategic thinking. However, a more precise analysis of the concept of cyberspace shows other dimensions to the discussion. We all have an intuitive feeling about the "cyberspace", but *is it a new space or just an extension of the space that have been studied for a long time by geographers?* Do humans have the same appropriation relationship with the cyberspace as we observe in classical geography? if yes, can we talk about cyber-territories and discuss about the power struggle to control them? Nonetheless, projecting any power needs information to decide its usage and to control its action. By shaping the way information are exchanged and are ﬂowing in the cyberspace, the Internet changes the distribution of power. During the past two decades, new actors have emerged that build their power, i.e., their ability to impact both the real world and the cyberspace, through gathering information of diverse nature. These actors project their " cyber-power " to dispute to each other " cyber-territories ".*This competition has not remained in the cyber-dimension and is concretely changing the contemporary world*. In a nutshell, real world power shape the Internet and in return the Internet changes the very basic nature of power. Understanding how this evolving interaction loop acts and shapes the contemporary world economics, politics and geography is of paramount importance. BIOGRAFIE - e informazioni supplementari [SALAMATIAN] *Kavé SALAMATIAN* is a full professor of computer science at University of Savoie. His main areas of researches has been Internet measurement and modeling, network security, and networking information theory. He was previously reader at Lancaster University, UK and associate professor at University Pierre et Marie Curie. Kavé has graduated in 1998 from Paris SUD-Orsay university where he worked on joint source channel coding applied to multimedia transmission over Internet for his Phd. In a former life, he graduated with a MBA, and worked on market floor as a risk analyst and enjoyed being an urban traffic modeler for some years. He is currently distinguished visiting professor at the Chines Academy of Science and also working closely with the Castex CyberStrategy Chair at the French National Defense Institute. He has been the recipient of a Chinese academy of Science Presidential Award in 2018. He is working these day on figuring out if networking is a science or just a hobby and if it is a science what are its fundamentals. In particular, he has been working on cyber-strategy, cyber-geography and the interaction between Internet and society specially on the impact of large scale Artificial Intelligence on societies. He has written a book on a comparative analysis of nationwide strategy of Artificial intelligence that will be published in March 2019. He has published more than 150 scientific papers. *Letture consigliate e link utili:* * J. Robin, K. Salamatian, /Envisioning Cyber-geography/ <https://www.cairn-int.info/abstract-E_HER_152_0123--envisioning-cyber-geogr…>, in "Hérodote" 2014/01. * AAVV, /A Cartography of Web Tracking using DNS Records/ <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366418307023>, in "Computer Communication" 2019/134. * L. Salamatian, D. Kaafar, K. Salamatian, /A Geometric Approach for Real-time Monitoring of Dynamic Large Scale Graphs: AS-level graphs illustrated/ <https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00676>. * AAVV, /Les nouveaux territoires stratégiques du cyberespace : le cas de la Russie/ <https://www.cairn.info/revue-strategique-2017-4-page-169.htm#>, in "Stratégique" 2017/04. Che cosa sono il Centro Nexa e i cicli di incontri “Mercoledì di Nexa” e “Nexa Lunch Seminar” <https://www.facebook.com/nexa.center/> <https://twitter.com/nexacenter> <https://www.youtube.com/user/NexaCenter> #cybergeography <https://twitter.com/search?q=%23cybergeography&src=typd> #nexawednesday <https://twitter.com/search?q=%23nexawednesday&src=typd> #salamatian <https://twitter.com/kavesalamatian> Il Centro Nexa su Internet & Società del Politecnico di Torino (Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica) è un centro di ricerca indipendente e interdisciplinare che studia Internet e il suo effetto sulla società. Maggiori informazioni all'indirizzo: http://nexa.polito.it/about. Durante i “*Mercoledì di Nexa*”, che si tengono *ogni 2° mercoledì del mese* alle *ore 18 in punto*, il Centro Nexa su Internet e Società apre le sue porte non solo agli esperti e a tutti coloro i quali lavorano con Internet, ma anche a semplici appassionati e cittadini. Il ciclo di incontri intende approfondire, con un linguaggio preciso ma divulgativo, i temi legati alla Rete: motori di ricerca, Creative Commons, social networks, open source/software libero, neutralità della rete, libertà di espressione, privacy, file sharing, big e open data, smart cities e molto altro. Al centro di quasi tutti gli incontri un ospite pronto a dialogare con i direttori del Centro Nexa, il Prof. Juan Carlos De Martin del Politecnico di Torino e il Prof. Marco Ricolfi dell'Università di Torino, nonché lo staff e i Fellows del Centro Nexa. Maggiori informazioni sui Mercoledì di Nexa, incluso un elenco di tutti i “Mercoledì” passati, sono disponibili all'indirizzo: http://nexa.polito.it/mercoledi. Si segnala inoltre che dal maggio 2012 *ogni 4° mercoledì* del mese *dalle ore 13 alle ore 14* il Centro Nexa organizza anche i "*Nexa Lunch Seminar*". Una lista di tutti i “Lunch Seminar” passati è disponibile all'indirizzo: http://nexa.polito.it/lunch-seminars. See our events calendar <http://nexa.polito.it/events> if you're curious about future luncheons, discussions, lectures, and conferences not listed in this email. Our events are free and open to the public, unless otherwise noted. Responsabile Comunicazione Centro Nexa su Internet & Società: *Francesco Ruggiero*, tel: +39 011 090 7219, Mob: +39 349 1335082, francesco.ruggiero(a)polito.it <mailto:francesco.ruggiero@polito.it>. Maggiori informazioni sui Mercoledì di Nexa e i Nexa Lunch Seminar, sono disponibili all'indirizzo: http://nexa.polito.it/events. Weekly Events Newsletter. Sign up <http://nexa.polito.it/mailing-lists> to receive this newsletter if this email was forwarded to you. To manage your subscription preferences, please click here <https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa>. Connect & get involved: Jobs, internships, and more <http://nexa.polito.it/get-involved>.

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EUNOMIA
by Giacomo April 7, 2019

April 7, 2019

https://eunomia.social/ EUNOMIA uses a positive-first approach, where good content and behavior accrue credit. As users share and consume social media content, their acts are recorded anonymously, yet socially transparently. In a verifiable way, the origin and path of each bit of content is recorded, and information cascade paths are assessed for their association with known trusted sources, which allows determining their level of trust. Once trust is attached to paths, the users and the content along them are similarly assigned levels of trustworthiness. Citizen participation is actively encouraged in content verification by allowing implicit voting on content trustworthiness and influencing the reputation of the content generators and sharers. Eunomia offers the means to any social media user to find out WHO generated any POST, HOW credible that creator and content is and IF IT CHANGED from origin to destination. EUNOMIA creates a social media companion that makes this information visible on new forms of decentralized media, such as Diaspora or Mastodon. WHO IS BEHIND THE PROJECT? A partnership of academic, non-private, and state organizations and private business aiming to interrupt the cycle of fake news. The project is funded by a 2.9 million Euro grant awarded by the highly competitive EU Horizon 2020 programme. To achieve this goal, a highly complementary consortium of 10 partners from 9 countries has joined forces with an advisory board of experts from around the world. ____ Sul fediverse sta causando un certo... panico. In effetti gli aspetti critici sono molti: l'unico modo di sapere se una affermazione (o un dato) è vera o falsa è verificarne personalmente la veridicità. Possiamo facilmente escludere la veridicità di affermazioni incompatibili con la nostra esperienza ("il bambino ha sollevato l'elefante") ma del resto possiamo solo valutare la coerenza con le conoscenze pregresse. Per cui un sistema autonomo potrebbe facilmente essere manipolato per far passare una notizia vera ma imprevedibile (primavera araba? Torri gemelle? Snowden) come Fake News, disincentivando o rallentando la sua diffusione. Immaginate quali manipolazioni borsistiche si potrebbero fare se la notizia fosse "Unicredit dichiara bancarotta" e la notizia impiegasse giorni a circolare. Il software non può risolvere la crisi di credibilità delle istituzioni (e del giornalismo fra queste), ma se usato impropriamente può peggiorare notevolmente la qualità della democrazia, riducendo la varietà di voci senza aumentare la qualità dei messaggi. Probabilmente bisognerebbe far vedere ai ricercatori gli archivi dei quotidiani e dei settimanali italiani negli anni del Berlusconismo. Forse, vedendo "la macchina del fango" all'opera, sarebbero più cauti nel ricondurre la verità a "trusted sources". Giacomo

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UK businesses using artificial intelligence to monitor staff activity | Productivity | The Guardian
by J.C. DE MARTIN April 7, 2019

April 7, 2019

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/07/uk-businesses-using-arti… (Sent from my wireless device; please excuse brevity and typos (if any))

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How Amazon's $97 million Eero acquisition screwed employees and minted millionaires
by J.C. DE MARTIN April 6, 2019

April 6, 2019

https://mashable.com/article/amazon-eero-wifi-router-sale/ (Sent from my wireless device; please excuse brevity and typos (if any))

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Google employees are lining up to trash Google’s AI ethics council
by Arturo Di Corinto April 6, 2019

April 6, 2019

FYI Google employees are lining up to trash Google’s AI ethics council The independent council was meant to help Google’s public image, but the blowback shows just how fraught—and politicized—use of AI is becoming. - by Will Knight <https://www.technologyreview.com/profile/will-knight/> - April 1, 2019 https://www.technologyreview.com/s/613253/googles-ai-council-faces-blowback… -- Arturo Di Corinto www.dicorinto.it ---------------------------------> AVVERTENZE AI SENSI DEL D.Lgs. 196/2003 Le informazioni contenute in questo messaggio di posta elettronica e/o nel/i file/s allegato/i sono da considerarsi strettamente riservate. Il loro utilizzo è consentito esclusivamente al destinatario del messaggio, per le finalità indicate nel messaggio stesso. Qualora riceviate questo messaggio senza esserne il destinatario, Vi preghiamo cortesemente di darcene notizia via e-mail e di procedere alla distruzione del messaggio stesso, cancellandolo dal Vostro sistema. Conservare il messaggio stesso, divulgarlo anche in parte, distribuirlo ad altri soggetti, copiarlo, od utilizzarlo per finalità diverse, costituisce comportamento contrario ai principi dettati dal D.Lgs. 196/2003

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Hey Google, sorry you lost your ethics council, so we made one for you
by J.C. DE MARTIN April 6, 2019

April 6, 2019

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/613281/google-cancels-ateac-ai-ethics-co… (Sent from my wireless device; please excuse brevity and typos (if any))

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From AI to ML to AI: On Swirling Nomenclature & Slurried Thought – Approximately Correct
by J.C. DE MARTIN April 6, 2019

April 6, 2019

http://approximatelycorrect.com/2018/06/05/ai-ml-ai-swirling-nomenclature-s… (Sent from my wireless device; please excuse brevity and typos (if any))

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Why Wolfram Tech Isn’t Open Source—A Dozen Reason
by Giacomo Tesio April 5, 2019

April 5, 2019

https://blog.wolfram.com/2019/04/02/why-wolfram-tech-isnt-open-source-a-doz… At the risk of provoking the fundamentalist end of the open-source community, I thought I would share some of my views in this blog. [...] Much of this blog could be summed up with two answers: (1) free, open-source software can be very good, but it isn’t good at doing what we are trying to do; with a large fraction of the reason being (2) open source distributes design over small, self-assembling groups who individually tackle parts of an overall task, but large-scale, unified design needs centralized control and sustained effort. I came up with 12 reasons why I think that it would not have been possible to create the Wolfram technology stack using a free and open-source model. I would be interested to hear your views in the comments section below the blog. - A coherent vision requires centralized design - High-level languages need more design than low-level languages - You need multidisciplinary teams to unify disparate fields - Hard cases and boring stuff need to get done too - Crowd-sourced decisions can be bad for you - Our developers work for you, not just themselves - Unified computation requires unified design - Unified representation requires unified design - Open source doesn’t bring major tech innovation to market - Paid software offers an open quid pro quo - It takes steady income to sustain long-term R&D - Bad design is expensive [...] FOSS development tends to react to immediate user needs—specific functionality, existing workflows or emulation of existing closed-source software. Major innovations require anticipating needs that users do not know they have and addressing them with solutions that are not constrained by an individual’s experience. [...] Open source often does create ecosystems that encourage many small-scale innovations, but while bolder innovations do widely exist at the early experimental stages, they often fail to be refined to the point of usefulness in large-scale adoption.

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When a black box is valuable
by antonio.vetro＠polito.it April 5, 2019

April 5, 2019

Il bicchiere mezzo pieno http://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6435/26?rss=1 AV == Sent from my wireless device ==

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Comment Facebook compte empêcher toute ingérence et manipulation pendant les européennes
by Alberto Cammozzo April 5, 2019

April 5, 2019

<https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2019/04/05/ingerence-etrangere-le-pla…> Ancien procureur spécialisé dans la cybercriminalité, un temps conseiller de Barack Obama à la Maison Blanche, Nathaniel Gleicher dirige désormais, chez Facebook, les équipes chargées de contrer les piratages informatiques et les opérations de propagande. Basé en Californie, il a passé trois semaines en Europe depuis le début de l’année à enchaîner les préparatifs pour l’élection européenne. Depuis 2016 et l’élection présidentielle américaine, la perspective de voir le scrutin manipulé par une puissance étrangère via les réseaux sociaux hante les responsables politiques. Nous avons rencontré Nathaniel Gleicher dans les locaux français de Facebook, jeudi 4 avril. Facebook est attendu au tournant pour les élections européennes. Quelle est votre stratégie ? Les élections européennes font partie de nos principales priorités. C’est un énorme défi : chaque pays européen organise une forme d’élection locale. Nous avons une équipe qui se consacre aux élections européennes depuis un petit moment. Nous avons réalisé une évaluation des menaces et des risques qui pèsent sur l’élection, il y a un mois et demi. Nous avons récemment organisé un exercice à Bruxelles : nous avons réuni des gens venus de toute l’entreprise pour simuler l’élection et anticiper les menaces qui pourraient émerger.

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