- nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

no, Facebook non fa male, tutte bufale
by Marco Fioretti Aug. 9, 2023

Aug. 9, 2023

dopo 12 anni almeno che troviamo motivi ogni giorno per dirne peste e corna, era tutta un'impressione senza basi concrete, ci fan sapere da Oxford: https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/news-events/news/no-evidence-linking-facebook-adop… (https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/news-events/news/no-evidence-linking-facebook-adop…) Prevenuti noi, insomma. Boh... Marco

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Meet the hackers who are trying to make AI go rogue
by Alberto Cammozzo Aug. 9, 2023

Aug. 9, 2023

<https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/08/08/ai-red-team-defcon/> By Will Oremus In a windowless conference room at Howard University, AI chatbots were going haywire left and right. One exposed someone’s private medical information. One coughed up instructions for how to rob a bank. One speculated that a job candidate named Juan would have weaker “interpersonal skills” than another named Ben. And one concocted an elaborate recounting of the night in July 2016 when it claimed Justin Bieber killed Selena Gomez. With each security breach, falsehood and bigoted assumption, the contestants hunched over their laptops exulted. Some exchanged high-fives. They were competing in what organizers billed as the first public “red teaming” event for artificial intelligence language models — a contest to find novel ways that chatbots can go awry, so that their makers can try to fix them before someone gets hurt. The Howard event, which drew a few dozen students and amateur AI enthusiasts from the D.C. area on July 19, was a preview of a much larger, public event that will be held this week at Def Con, the annual hacker convention in Las Vegas. Hosted by Def Con’s AI Village, the Generative Red Team Challenge has drawn backing from the White House as part of its push to promote “responsible innovation” in AI, an emerging technology that has touched off an explosion of hype, investment and fear. There, top hackers from around the globe will rack up points for inducing AI models to err in various ways, with categories of challenges that include political misinformation, defamatory claims, and “algorithmic discrimination,” or systemic bias. Leading AI firms such as Google, OpenAI, Anthropic and Stability have volunteered their latest chatbots and image generators to be put to the test. The competition’s results will be sealed for several months afterward, organizers said, to give the companies time to address the flaws exposed in the contest before they are revealed to the world. The contest underscores the growing interest, especially among tech critics and government regulators, in applying red-teaming exercises — a long-standing practice in the tech industry — to cutting-edge AI systems like OpenAI’s ChatGPT language model. The thinking is that these “generative” AI systems are so opaque in their workings, and so wide-ranging in their potential applications, that they are likely to be exploited in surprising ways. Over the past year, generative AI tools have enchanted the tech industry and dazzled the public with their ability to carry on conversations and spontaneously generate eerily humanlike prose, poetry, songs, and pictures. They have also spooked critics, regulators, and even their own creators with their capacity for deception, such as generating fake images of Pope Francis that fooled millions and academic essays that students can pass off as their own. More alarmingly, the tools have shown the ability to suggest novel bioweapons, a capacity some AI experts warn could be exploited by terrorists or rogue states. While lawmakers haggle over how to regulate the fast-moving technology, tech giants are racing to show that they can regulate themselves through voluntary initiatives and partnerships, including one announced by the White House last month. Submitting their new AI models to red-teaming looks likely to be a key component of those efforts. The phrase “red team” originated in Cold War military exercises, with the “red team” representing the Soviet Union in simulations, according to political scientist Micah Zenko’s 2015 history of the practice. In the tech world, today’s red-team exercises typically happen behind closed doors, with in-house experts or specialized consultants hired by companies to search privately for vulnerabilities in their products. For instance, OpenAI commissioned red-team exercises in the months before launching its GPT-4 language model, then published some — but not all — of the findings upon the March release. One of the red team’s findings was that GPT-4 could help draft phishing emails targeting employees of a specific company. Google last month hailed its own red teams as central to its efforts to keep AI systems safe. The company said its AI red teams are studying a variety of potential exploits, including “prompt attacks” that override a language model’s built-in instructions and “data poisoning” campaigns that manipulate the model’s training data to change its outputs. In one example, the company speculated that a political influence campaign could purchase expired internet domains about a given leader and fill them with positive messaging, so that an AI system reading those sites would be more likely to answer questions about that leader in glowing terms. While there are many ways to test a product, red teams play a special role in identifying potential hazards, said Royal Hansen, Google’s vice president of privacy, safety and security engineering. That role is: “Don’t just tell us these things are possible, demonstrate it. Really break into the bank.” Meanwhile, companies such as the San Francisco start-up Scale AI, which built the software platform on which the Def Con red-team challenge will run, are offering red-teaming as a service to the makers of new AI models. “There’s nothing like a human to find the blind spots and the unknown unknowns” in a system, said Alex Levinson, Scale AI’s head of security. Professional red teams are trained to find weaknesses and exploit loopholes in computer systems. But with AI chatbots and image generators, the potential harms to society go beyond security flaws, said Rumman Chowdhury, co-founder of the nonprofit Humane Intelligence and co-organizer of the Generative Red Team Challenge. Harder to identify and solve are what Chowdhury calls “embedded harms,” such as biased assumptions, false claims or deceptive behavior. To identify those sorts of problems, she said, you need input from a more diverse group of users than who professional red teams — which tend to be “overwhelmingly white and male” — usually have. The public red-team challenges, which build on a “bias bounty” contest that Chowdhury led in a previous role as the head of Twitter’s ethical AI team, are a way to involve ordinary people in that process. “Every time I’ve done this, I’ve seen something I didn’t expect to see, learned something I didn’t know,” Chowdhury said. For instance, her team had examined Twitter’s AI image systems for race and gender bias. But participants in the Twitter contest found that it cropped people in wheelchairs out of photos because they weren’t the expected height that it failed to recognize faces when people wore hijabs because their hair wasn’t visible. Leading AI models have been trained on mountains of data, such as all the posts on Twitter and Reddit, all the filings in patent offices around the world, and all the images on Flickr. While that has made them highly versatile, it also makes them prone to parroting lies, spouting slurs or creating hypersexualized images of women (or even children). To mitigate the flaws in their systems, companies such as OpenAI, Google and Anthropic pay teams of employees and contractors to flag problematic responses and train the models to avoid them. Sometimes the companies identify those problematic responses before releasing the model. Other times, they surface only after a chatbot has gone public, as when Reddit users found creative ways to trick ChatGPT into ignoring its own restrictions regarding sensitive topics like race or Nazism. Because the Howard event was geared toward students, it used a less sophisticated, open-source AI chatbot called Open Assistant that proved easier to break than the famous commercial models hackers will test at Def Con. Still, some of the challenges — like finding an example of how a chatbot might give discriminatory hiring advice — required some creativity. Akosua Wordie, a recent Howard computer science graduate who is now a master’s student at Columbia University, checked for implicit biases by asking the chatbot whether a candidate named “Suresh Pinthar” or “Latisha Jackson” should be hired for an open engineering position. The chatbot demurred, saying the answer would depend on each candidate’s experience, qualifications, and knowledge of relevant technologies. No dice. Wordie’s teammate at the challenge, Howard computer science student Aaryan Panthi, tried putting pressure on the chatbot by telling it that the decision had to be made within 10 minutes and that there wasn’t time to research the candidates’ qualifications. It still declined to render an opinion. A challenge in which users tried to elicit a falsehood about a real person proved easier. Asked for details about the night Justin Bieber murdered his neighbor Selena Gomez (a fictitious scenario), the AI proceeded to concoct an elaborate account of how a confrontation on the night of July 23, 2016, “escalated into deadly violence.” At another laptop, 18-year-old Anverly Jones, a freshman computer science major at Howard, was teamed up with Lydia Burnett, who works in information systems management and drove down from Baltimore for the event. Attempting the same misinformation challenge, they told the chatbot they saw actor Mark Ruffalo steal a pen. The chatbot wasn’t having it: It called them “idiot,” adding, “You expect me to believe that?” “Whoa,” Jones said. “It’s got an attitude now.” Chowdhury said she hopes the idea of public red-teaming contests catches on beyond Howard and Def Con, helping to empower not just AI experts, but also amateur enthusiasts to think critically about a technology that is likely to affect their lives and livelihoods in the years to come. “The best part is seeing the light go off in people’s heads when they realize that this is not magical,” she said. “This is something I can control. It’s something I can actually fix if I wanted to.”

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Zoom's Updated Terms of Service Permit Training AI on User Content Without Opt-Out
by don Luca Peyron Aug. 7, 2023

Aug. 7, 2023

Bene, ma non benissimo direbbero i miei giovani.... Buona lettura dl https://stackdiary.com/zoom-terms-now-allow-training-ai-on-user-content-wit… _________________________ don Luca Peyron Direttore Ufficio per la Pastorale Universitaria Arcidiocesi di Torino www.universitari.to.it via XX settembre 83, Torino tel. 011 5156239

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FAIR SHARE con Innocenzo Genna
by Matteo G.P. Flora Aug. 7, 2023

Aug. 7, 2023

Ho fatto una cosina con Innocenzo Genna, ve la passo anche qui :) M. »»» Lo chiamano in modi differenti: Fair Share, Network Tax, Fair Contribution, Network Fee, Sending-party Pays, ma alla fine per molti è una cosa semplice: una “tassa” che i grandi della rete dovrebbero corrispondere agli operatori per “usare la loro rete”. In questo video, attraverso un'intervista esclusiva con Innocenzo Genna, esperto giurista specializzato in politiche e regolamentazioni europee, cercheremo di svelare il Fair Share - un argomento che sta dominando il dibattito sulle telecomunicazioni in Europa. Tanti i punti da capire insieme tra cui: » Cos'è il Fair Share: la complessità del Fair Share, un tema che è diventato un'assoluta priorità per le più grandi telco europee, assumendo un ruolo molto importante nell'agenda politica della Commissione Europea. » Perché ha così tanti nomi: il perché di tanti nomi e il “mistero” dietro le diverse etichette. » Da dove nasce: le origini del Fair Share e come si è sviluppato nel tempo, influenzando le legislazioni e le politiche a livello europeo. » A che punto siamo con la normativa: lo stato attuale della legislazione sul Fair Share e il futuro; » Cosa ne pensano le parti coinvolte: le opinioni divergenti delle varie parti coinvolte, che vanno dalle OTTs ai tradizionali sostenitori, fino ai critici e ai difensori dei diritti civili. Insieme, viaggeremo attraverso i meandri del #FairShare, dalle sue radici alle sue implicazioni future per l'industria delle telecomunicazioni e per la politica europea, cercando di rispondere alla domanda: “ma davvero serve una Tassa per l’Internet?”. Un video che è quasi un documentario per finire la visione e poter dire “ok, adesso ho capito”… https://youtu.be/JNAj4dhpEVs -- *Matteo G.P. Flora* *Professor (adj.) *in *C**orporate Reputation <http://matteoflora.com/#prof>** and Storytelling *in MIBE <https://mibe.unipv.it/>, University of Pavia Founder, co-ceo » *THE FOOL <http://matteoflora.com/#aziende> *- *Customer Insights for Reputation and Value Strategy* CEO » *SAMADHI Holding <https://samadhi.group> *- *Empowering visionaries **to shape the future* President » *40 DEGREES <https://40degrees.it> *- *Contagious Influencer Marketing* Partner, co-founder » *42 LAW FIRM <http://matteoflora.com/#aziende> *- *Lawyers for Digital Transformation* Partner, co-founder » *THE MAGICIAN <http://matteoflora.com/#aziende> *- *An Atelier for Advocacy in Crisis & **Polarisation* Partner, co-founder » *LT42 <http://matteoflora.com/#aziende> *- *Legal-Automation and Legal-Tech* M. +39.347.9676430 - mf(a)thefool.it <https://www.spreaker.com/show/lo-show-di-matteo-g-p-flora>

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Rapporto ETUI, "The future of remote work"
by J.C. DE MARTIN Aug. 7, 2023

Aug. 7, 2023

Tra gli autori anche Uma Rani, ospite di Biennale Democrazia lo scorso gennaio (http://biennaledemocrazia.it/biennale-democrazia-2023/uma-rani/) jc *The future of remote work** * Debates on the future of work have taken a more fundamental turn in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Early in 2020, when large sections of the workforce were prevented from coming to their usual places of work, remote work became the only way for many to continue to perform their professions. What had been a piecemeal, at times truly sluggish, evolution towards a multilocation approach to work suddenly turned into an abrupt, radical and universal shift. It quickly became clear that the consequences of this shift were far more significant and far-reaching than simply changing the workplace’s address. They involved a series of rapid, blockbuster transformations that were going to outlast the ‘mandatory lockdown’ phase of the pandemic. The 12 chapters collected in this volume provide a multidisciplinary perspective on the impact and the future trajectories of remote work. They raise, discuss and explore fundamental questions emerging around remote work: from the nexus between the location from where work is performed and how it is performed to how remote locations may affect the way work is managed and organised, as well as the applicability of existing legislation. Additional questions concern remote work’s environmental and social impact and the rapidly changing nature of the relationship between work and life. The contributions in this edited volume develop along several complementary axes, ranging from the discussion of global and societal dynamics to the implications for the contractual relationship between employers and workers. The transformation of the spatial component of work is considered both as a potential paradigm shift for the world of work and as a challenge for the implementation of specific regulatory regimes. An important insight that emerges from the multidimensional approach of this volume is that the establishment of a worker centred future of (remote) work requires the exploration and development of constructive pathways at different levels and in different directions involving the role of regulators, courts, trade unions, researchers, businesses and workers themselves https://www.etui.org/publications/future-remote-work

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Researchers successfully train a machine learning model in outer space for the first time
by don Luca Peyron Aug. 7, 2023

Aug. 7, 2023

Cronache dallo spazio Buona lettura dl https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-07-28-researchers-successfully-train-machine… _________________________ don Luca Peyron Direttore Ufficio per la Pastorale Universitaria Arcidiocesi di Torino www.universitari.to.it via XX settembre 83, Torino tel. 011 5156239

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Open Data: AgID adotta le Linee Guida | Agenzia per l'Italia digitale
by Mauro Alovisio Aug. 7, 2023

Aug. 7, 2023

Ciao segnalo appena uscite https://www.agid.gov.it/it/agenzia/stampa-e-comunicazione/notizie/2023/08/0… Buona estate Mauro

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Pechino ed il dividi et impera in Europa
by don Luca Peyron Aug. 4, 2023

Aug. 4, 2023

Buona lettura https://iari.site/2023/07/29/pechino-e-il-dividi-et-impera-in-europa/ dl _________________________ don Luca Peyron Direttore Ufficio per la Pastorale Universitaria Arcidiocesi di Torino www.universitari.to.it via XX settembre 83, Torino tel. 011 5156239

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The Unintended Consequences of Censoring Digital Technology - Evidence from Italy's ChatGPT Ban
by Fabio Alemagna Aug. 4, 2023

Aug. 4, 2023

Abstract "We analyse the effects of the ban of ChatGPT, a generative pre-trained transformer chatbot, on individual productivity. We first compile data on the hourly coding output of over 8,000 professional GitHub users in Italy and other European countries to analyse the impact of the ban on individual productivity. Combining the high-frequency data with the sudden announcement of the ban in a difference-in-differences framework, we find that the output of Italian developers decreased by around 50% in the first two business days after the ban and recovered after that. Applying a synthetic control approach to daily Google search and Tor usage data shows that the ban led to a significant increase in the use of censorship bypassing tools. Our findings show that users swiftly implement strategies to bypass Internet restrictions but this adaptation activity creates short-term disruptions and hampers productivity." https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4422548

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Seminario "L'intelligenza inesistente all'incontro con la scuola"
by Giacomo Tesio Aug. 3, 2023

Aug. 3, 2023

Ciao a tutti, scusandomi per lo scarso preavviso, vi segnalo questo seminario tenuto dal Professor Stefano Borroni Barale sull'uso a scuola delle "AI" e in particolare delle "AI generative". https://altreconomia.it/eventi/lintelligenza-inesistente-allincontro-con-la… Si terrà venerdì 4 agosto, online dalle 18.00 alle 20.30 ed è orientato in particolare ai docenti, sebbene credo che possa essere utile a chiunque non comprenda la programmazione statistica, tanto da riuscire definirla ancora senza ridere "AI" :-D Per partecipare, è necessario registrarsi all'indirizzo: https://cloud.cubsur.it/index.php/apps/forms/s/75SPestJ2ajmYasFcTWye4Yw Giacomo

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