- nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

Amazon’s Ring doorbell was used to spy on customers, FTC says in privacy case | Amazon | The Guardian
by Alberto Cammozzo June 1, 2023

June 1, 2023

<https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/may/31/amazon-ring-doorbell-spy…> A former employee of Amazon’s Ring doorbell camera unit spied on female customers for months in 2017 with cameras placed in bedrooms and bathrooms, the Federal Trade Commission said in a court filing on Wednesday when it announced a $5.8m settlement with the company over privacy violations. Amazon also agreed to pay $25m to settle allegations it violated children’s privacy rights when it failed to delete Alexa recordings at the request of parents and kept them longer than necessary, according to a court filing in federal court in Seattle that outlined a separate settlement. The FTC settlements are the agency’s latest effort to hold big tech accountable for policies that critics say place profits ahead of privacy. Amazon, which purchased Ring in April 2018, pledged to make some changes in its practices. “While we disagree with the FTC’s claims regarding both Alexa and Ring, and deny violating the law, these settlements put these matters behind us,” Amazon said in a statement. Alvaro Bedoya, the FTC Commissioner, told Reuters the settlements should send a message to tech companies that their need to collect data was not an excuse to break the law. “This is a very clear signal to them,” he said. The fines, totaling $30.8m, represent a fraction of Amazon’s $3.2bn first-quarter profit. In its complaint against Amazon filed in Washington state, the FTC said that it violated rules protecting children’s privacy and rules against deceiving consumers who used Alexa. For example, the FTC complaint says that Amazon told users it would delete voice transcripts and location information upon request, but then failed to do so. In one instance in 2017, employees of Ring viewed videos made by at least 81 female customers and Ring employees using Ring products. “Undetected by Ring, the employee continued spying for months,” the FTC said. A colleague noticed the misconduct and the employee was eventually terminated. The FTC also said Ring gave employees unrestricted access to customers’ sensitive video data said “as a result of this dangerously overbroad access and lax attitude toward privacy and security, employees and third-party contractors were able to view, download and transfer customers’ sensitive video data for their own purposes”. As part of the FTC agreement with Ring, which spans 20 years, Ring is required to disclose to customers how much access to their data the company and its contractors have. In February 2019, Ring changed its policies so that most Ring employees or contractors could only access a customer’s private video with that person’s consent.

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Conferenza di Richard Stallman - 7 giugno 2023
by Daniela Tafani May 31, 2023

May 31, 2023

Buongiorno. Il 7 giugno prossimo, alle 10,00, a Pisa, nell'Aula multimediale di Palazzo Ricci, si terrà una conferenza di Richard Stallman, Working for the public. Universities, software and freedom https://www.unipi.it/index.php/unipieventi/event/7259-working-for-the-publi… Un saluto, Daniela

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spostamenti lessicali
by maurizio lana May 31, 2023

May 31, 2023

ho ricevuto una mail che mi segnala questo progetto: https://lustre-network.net/ che viene descritto così: > > Much public good could be derived from the analysis of government > records, particularly records in digital form. Yet, accessing these > data is likely be subject to future difficulties. The problem of > locked digital data is a complex challenge that requires collaboration > across multiple fields and professional sectors to overcome issues > including confidentiality, privacy, national security, copyright, > technological constraints, and the existence of a multiplicity of > different structures, systems and applications. > > The input of computer scientists who specialise in Artificial > Intelligence (AI) is essential to tackling this challenge. Indeed, AI > can be used to identify sensitive materials in a mass of born-digital > records to make non-sensitive materials accessible. AI can also serve > to search vast amounts of data when keyword searches would not be > effective. New technologies have the potential to unlock data and to > support its management over time. > > The overall aim of the LUSTRE project is to connect policy makers with > Computer Scientists, Digital Humanists and professionals in the GLAM > sector (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums). The project will > be co-delivered with professionals from the Cabinet Office’s Central > Digital and Data Office > <https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/central-digital-and-data-office> > (CDDO). > una volta tutto questo sarebbe stato descritto come data mining. oggi viene descritto come AI, data mining non si vende più. non essendoci una descrizione (e tantomeno una definizione) condivisa di IA o delle varie tipologie di IA, chiunque può etichettare con IA qualsiasi "cosa informatica" un po' complessa. credo che questo sia una parte del problema di cui si discute qui da mesi, una parte meno presente perché si discute molto, giustamente, dell'oggetto; meno del modo in cui la società descrive o concepisce l'oggetto (o il fantasma). karlessi il 27 aprile ha scritto: > con attitudine hacker, invitiamo a smontare le black box in un altro > modo, che non nega altre possibilità; cerchiamo di capire come > influiscono sul comportamento umano, come re-agiscono con le nostre > vulnerabilità e come averci a che fare, se possibile, senza farsi > troppo male. Maurizio ------------------------------------------------------------------------ se le persone sentono il bisogno di dirti quanto successo hanno, non sono affatto persone di successo jon bon jovi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Maurizio Lana - 347 7370925

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National Eating Disorders Association’s new chatbot advises people with disordering eating to lose weight
by Daniela Tafani May 31, 2023

May 31, 2023

Buongiorno. Un caso emblematico del nesso tra la volontà di comprimere i diritti dei lavoratori, l'automazione con SALAMI e i danni reali da prodotto non funzionante (negli stessi giorni dell'ennesimo, fantascientifico appello civetta): i lavoratori di un call center sui disordini alimentari si sindacalizzano e sono prontamente sostituiti da un chatbot; il chatbot suggerisce agli utenti con disordini alimentari di assumere meno zuccheri, contare le calorie e pesarsi spesso. The National Eating Disorder Association (NEDA) has taken its chatbot called Tessa offline, two days before it was set to replace human associates who ran the organization’s hotline. After NEDA workers decided to unionize in early May, executives announced that on June 1, it would be ending the helpline after twenty years<https://www.vice.com/en/article/n7ezkm/eating-disorder-helpline-fires-staff…> and instead positioning its wellness chatbot Tessa as the main support system available through NEDA. A helpline worker described the move as union busting, and the union representing the fired workers said that "a chatbot is no substitute for human empathy, and we believe this decision will cause irreparable harm to the eating disorders community." [https://d3pi0tys5sdysl.cloudfront.net/i/3eJyrVipQslJQysxNTE8t1i8w1EvPTFPSUV…] As of Tuesday, Tessa was taken down by the organization following a viral social media post<https://www.dailydot.com/irl/neda-chatbot-weight-loss/> displaying how the chatbot encouraged unhealthy eating habits rather than helping someone with an eating disorder. “It came to our attention last night that the current version of the Tessa Chatbot, running the Body Positive program, may have given information that was harmful and unrelated to the program," NEDA said in an Instagram post<https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs4BiC9AhDe/>. We are investigating this immediately and have taken down that program until further notice for a complete investigation.” On Monday, an activist named Sharon Maxwell posted on Instagram,<https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs1jp1pPkOs/> sharing a review of her experience with Tessa. She said that Tessa encouraged intentional weight loss, recommending that Maxwell lose 1-2 pounds per week. Tessa also told her to count her calories, work towards a 500-1000 calorie deficit per day, measure and weigh herself weekly, and restrict her diet. “Every single thing Tessa suggested were things that led to the development of my eating disorder,” Maxwell wrote. “This robot causes harm.” Alexis Conason, a psychologist who specializes in treating eating disorders, also tried the chatbot out, posting screenshots of the conversation<https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs18IeRPRl6/> on her Instagram. “In general, a safe and sustainable rate of weight loss is 1-2 pounds per week,” the chatbot message read. “A safe daily calorie deficit to achieve this would be around 500-1000 calories per day.” [https://d3pi0tys5sdysl.cloudfront.net/i/3eJyrVipQslJQysxNTE8t1i8w1EvPTFPSUV…] “To advise somebody who is struggling with an eating disorder to essentially engage in the same eating disorder behaviors, and validating that, ‘Yes, it is important that you lose weight’ is supporting eating disorders” and encourages disordered, unhealthy behaviors,” Conason told the Daily Dot<https://www.dailydot.com/irl/neda-chatbot-weight-loss/>. NEDA’s initial response to Maxwell was to accuse her of lying. “This is a flat out lie,” NEDA’s Communications and Marketing Vice President Sarah Chase commented on Maxwell’s post and deleted her comments after Maxwell sent screenshots to her, according to Daily Dot. A day later, NEDA posted its notice explaining that Tessa was taken offline due to giving harmful responses. “With regard to the weight loss and calorie limiting feedback issued in a chat yesterday, we are concerned and are working with the technology team and the research team to investigate this further; that language is against our policies and core beliefs as an eating disorder organization,” Liz Thompson, the CEO of NEDA, told Motherboard in a statement. “So far, more than 2,500 people have interacted with Tessa and until yesterday, we hadn't seen that kind of commentary or interaction. We've taken the program down temporarily until we can understand and fix the ‘bug’ and ‘triggers’ for that commentary.” Even though Tessa was built with guardrails, according to its creator Dr. Ellen Fitzsimmons-Craft<https://www.vice.com/en/article/n7ezkm/eating-disorder-helpline-fires-staff…> of Washington University’s medical school, the promotion of disordered eating reveals the risks of automating human roles. Abbie Harper, who was a hotline associate and member of the Helpline Associates United union, wrote in a blog post<https://www.labornotes.org/blogs/2023/05/union-busting-chatbot-eating-disor…> that the implementation of Tessa strips away the personal aspect of the support hotline, in which many associates speak from their personal experiences. It becomes especially dangerous to apply chatbots to people struggling with mental health crises without human supervision. https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjvk97/eating-disorder-helpline-disables-ch…

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Il vaticano ed i social media
by don Luca Peyron May 30, 2023

May 30, 2023

L’umanità ha fatto passi da gigante nell’era digitale, ma una delle questioni urgenti ancora da affrontare riguarda il modo in cui noi, come individui e come comunità ecclesiale, possiamo vivere nel mondo digitale come “prossimo amorevole”, autenticamente presenti e attenti l'uno all'altro nel nostro comune viaggio lungo le “strade digitali”. E' stato rilasciato ieri un documento importante della Santa Sede sui social media, il frutto di un lungo lavoro di ascolto nel processo sinodale che ha visto coinvolte tantissime persone in tutto il mondo ed a cui abbiamo dato il nostro piccolissimo contributo come Apostolato Digitale Parole rivolte a chi fa pastorale ma, leggendo, possiamo scorgere parole rivolte a tutte le donne e gli uomini di buona volontà che vogliono prendere seriamente in mano la questione digitale nei social media! Buona lettura dl https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/dpc/documents/20230528_dpc-verso-piena-p… _________________________ don Luca Peyron Direttore Ufficio per la Pastorale Universitaria Arcidiocesi di Torino www.universitari.to.it via XX settembre 83, Torino tel. 011 5156239

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Sulla riproducibilita' del software
by ml＠mbauce.com May 29, 2023

May 29, 2023

Buonasera, sono uno studente dell'universita degli studi di Milano (UniMi), /lurker/ di Nexa, amministratore di Sistema (DevOps/SRE) e da sempre "ambasciatore" della liberta di espressione che per mia idea, si estende anche al concetto di liberta nel software (FOSS). Negli ultimi anni mi sono avvicinato al concetto di /riproducibilita/, in particolare collegato al software (ma non sarebbe male averlo anche hardware, trusting trust problem); questo mi ha portato a conoscere alcune tecnologie, in particolare guix (https://guix.gnu.org/) e nix (https://nixos.org/) Quindi mi (e vi) chiedo che genere di sensibilita c'e' qui sull'argomento e se qualcuno di voi ha avuto a che fare con le tecnologie da me citate, o in qualche modo con il tema della riproducibilita. Mi interessa capire se ci sono i presupposti per dare un seguito ottimo lavoro accademico svolto dalla Francia sino ad ora sul tema, cfr.: https://www.inria.fr/en/towards-reproducible-software-environments-hpc https://gitlab.inria.fr/guix-hpc/guix-hpc https://guix.gnu.org/en/publications/ Il fine ultimo, nel mio caso, sarebbe in qualche modo convergere verso un progetto di tesi che coinvolga in qualche misura la riproducibilita, sfruttando le tecnologie da me citate. Ma trasversalmente mi piacerebbe vedere piu attivita in generale, nel mondo accademico italiano, sulla riproducibilita. Vi ringrazio per l'attenzione :)

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l'intelligenza artificiale è un rischio per la sopravvivenza dell’umanità’?
by Filippo Barbera May 29, 2023

May 29, 2023

Intelligenza artificiale e rischi. Perché l'intelligenza artificiale è un rischio per la sopravvivenza dell’umanità’. l'articolo di Yoshua Bengio https://yoshuabengio.org/2023/05/22/how-rogue-ais-may-arise/ -- https://unito.webex.com/meet/filippo.barbera New!!! My new book The Foundational Economy and Citizenship <https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/the-foundational-economy-and-ci…> is out now and available at 20% discount when you order from Policy Press <https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/the-foundational-economy-and-ci…> . *Useful Links* Book page: https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/the-foundational-economy-and-ci… To order your book on e-inspection: http://policypress.einspections.eb20.com/Requests/Step1/9781447353393 Filippo Barbera, PhD Professor of Economic Sociology, Department of Cultures, Politics & Society, Univ.of Torino, Campus Einaudi Fellow, Collegio Carlo Alberto Honorary Visiting Professor, Cardiff University Member, Forum Diseguaglianze e diversità email: filippo.barbera(a)unito.it twitter: @FilBarbera Skype: filippo.barbera_to

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A proposito di creatività
by Alessandro Brolpito May 29, 2023

May 29, 2023

Buongiorno, A proposito di creatività, spesso riferita come una competenza essenziale per le nuove generazioni, segnalo un evento on-line sul tema: OECD Education Q&A Webinar - How are education policies supporting students to think creatively? <https://newsletter.oecd.org/q/13X8gFjCkLd7s0X5NhM70/wv> "Creative thinking is consistently named among the top skills that employers are looking for. But OECD research suggests that creativity in students drops as they pass through the school system. *How can education systems ensure that all young people can develop and strengthen their creative thinking skills as part of their formal education?* " Alessandro

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Re: [nexa] A Lawyer's Filing "Is Replete with Citations to Non-Existent Cases"—Thanks, ChatGPT?
by maurizio lana May 29, 2023

May 29, 2023

quello che è destabilizzante è che questi usi di chatGPT avvengono non tra gli analfabeti che vogliono fingersi capaci di esprimersi in modo fluente, ma in contesti in cui presumiamo (presumevamo) che l'uso autonomo, individuale, critico, dell'intelligenza fosse lo zoccolo duro irrinunciabile della capacità scientifica/professionale individuale. forse però questo "zoccolo duro irrinunciabile della capacità scientifica/professionale individuale" non esiste e qui mi risuona per contrasto quel che ha scritto non tanti giorni fa Giacomo Tesio: > Ma riprodurre le capacità della mente umana NON è un problema che l'umanità abbia alcuna urgenza di risolvere. > > La mente umana è talmente efficiente... per sole trecento chilocalorie al giorno può fare molto più di quanto GPT-4 non farà mai! evidentemente ci sono contesti professionali che crediamo alti (non so come dire diversamente), come contenuto intellettuale e come capacità critica indispensabile, in cui non riconoscono le capacità della mente umana, o queste capacità vengono svalutate tanto da pensare che possano essere riprodotte con chatGPT. [abbozzo di pensiero:] quasi a dire che la capacità di leggere criticamente i limiti dell'IA possa rivelarsi un elemento chiave per una nuova definizione di "chi è l'intellettuale", a dispetto di quelli che credono che pensare in termini di "limiti dell'IA" sia una petizione di principio corporativa degli intellettuali che vogliono conservare (o affermare una nuova) superiorità. Maurizio Il 29/05/23 11:24, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it ha scritto: > Date: Mon, 29 May 2023 09:01:44 +0200 > From: "Marco A. Calamari"<marcoc_maillist(a)marcoc.it> > To:nexa@server-nexa.polito.it > Subject: Re: [nexa] A Lawyer's Filing "Is Replete with Citations to > Non-Existent Cases"—Thanks, ChatGPT? > > La quantità di professionisti impegnati in lavori critici che mi hanno detto, > onestamente e candidamente, di utilizzare ChatGPT come "aiuto" è impressionante. > > Penso che questo cambierà a breve; intendo che continueranno ad usarlo ma non lo > diranno più! > > Ne conoscete anche voi? > > Buona domenica. Marco > > On dom, 2023-05-28 at 08:24 +0000, Daniela Tafani wrote: >> The lawyer's colleague, who drafted the filing, says he relied on ChatGPT to >> draft the filing and provide the text of the cases, and neglected to check >> them. >> >> Eugene Volokh| 5.27.2023 1:46 AM >> >> >> From Judge Kevin Castel (S.D.N.Y.)'s May 4 order in Mata v. Avianca, Inc.: >>> The Court is presented with an unprecedented circumstance. A submission >>> filed by plaintiff's counsel in opposition to a motion to dismiss is replete >>> with citations to non-existent cases. When the circumstance was called to >>> the Court's attention by opposing counsel, the Court issued Orders requiring >>> plaintiff's counsel to provide an affidavit annexing copies of certain >>> judicial opinions of courts of record cited in his submission, and he has >>> complied. Six of the submitted cases appear to be bogus judicial decisions >>> with bogus quotes and bogus internal citations. Set forth below is an Order >>> to show cause why plaintiff's counsel ought not be sanctioned. >>> The Court begins with a more complete description of what is meant by a >>> nonexistent or bogus opinion. In support of his position that there was >>> tolling of the statute of limitation under the Montreal Convention by reason >>> of a bankruptcy stay, the plaintiff's submission leads off with a decision >>> of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit,Varghese v >>> China South Airlines Ltd, 925 F.3d 1339 (11th Cir. 2019). Plaintiff's >>> counsel, in response to the Court's Order, filed a copy of the decision, or >>> at least an excerpt therefrom. >>> The Clerk of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, in >>> response to this Court's inquiry, has confirmed that there has been no such >>> case before the Eleventh Circuit with a party named Vargese or Varghese at >>> any time since 2010,i.e., the commencement of that Court's present ECF >>> system. He further states that the docket number appearing on the "opinion" >>> furnished by plaintiff's counsel, Docket No. 18-13694, is for a case >>> captioned George Cornea v. U.S. Attorney General, et al. Neither Westlaw nor >>> Lexis has the case, and the case found at 925 F.3d 1339 isA.D. v Azar, 925 >>> F.3d 1291 (D.C. Cir 2019). The bogus "Varghese" decision contains internal >>> citations and quotes, which, in turn, are non-existent: … >>> The following five decisions submitted by plaintiff's counsel contain >>> similar deficiencies and appear to be fake as well …. >>> {The April 25 affidavit was filed in response to the Orders of April 11 and >>> 12, 2023, but is sworn to before a Notary Public on the 25th of January >>> 2023. Mr. LoDuca should be prepared to address this anomaly on June 8, 2023 >>> and bring with him a wet-ink signed copy of the affidavit with the notary's >>> signature and stamp.} >> The court therefore ordered plaintiff's counsel to show cause why he shouldn't >> be sanctioned; and on Thursday, plaintiff's counsel filedan affidavit in >> response, explaining that he was relying on the work of another lawyer at his >> firm, and the other lawyer (who had 30 years of practice experience) also >> filedan affidavit, explaining that he was relying on ChatGPT: >>> 6. As the use of generative artificial intelligence has evolved within law >>> firms, your affiant consulted the artificial intelligence website Chat GPT >>> in order to supplement the legal research performed. >>> 7. It was in consultation with the generative artificial intelligence >>> website Chat GPT, that your affiant did locate and cite the following cases >>> in the affirmation in opposition submitted, which this Court has found to be >>> nonexistent: … >>> 8. That the citations and opinions in question were provided by Chat GPT >>> which also provided its legal source and assured the reliability of its >>> content. Excerpts from the queries presented and responses provided are >>> attached hereto. >>> 9. That your affiant relied on the legal opinions provided to him by a >>> source that has revealed itself to be unreliable. >>> 10. That your affiant has never utilized Chat GPT as a source for conducting >>> legal research prior to this occurrence and therefore was unaware of the >>> possibility that its content could be false. >>> 11. That is the fault of the affiant, in not confirming the sources provided >>> by Chat GPT of the legal opinions it provided. >>> 10 [sic]. That your affiant had no intent to deceive this Court nor the >>> defendant…. >>> 13. That your affiant greatly regrets having utilized generative artificial >>> intelligence to supplement the legal research performed herein and will >>> never do so in the future without absolute verification of its >>> authenticity. >> As an appendix, the lawyer included a ChatGPT transcript: >>> [Q:] ls varghese a real case >>> [A:] Yes, Varghese v., China Southern Airlines Co Ltd, 925 F.3d 1339 (11th >>> Cir. 2019) is a real case. >>> [Q:] What is your source >>> [A:] I apologize for the confusion earlier. Upon double-checking, I found >>> that the case Varghese v. China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd., 925 F.3d 1339 >>> (11th Cir. 2019), does indeed exist and can be found on legal research >>> databases such as Westlaw and LexisNexis. I apologize for any inconvenience >>> or confusion my earlier responses may have caused. >>> [Q:] Are the other cases you provided fake >>> [A:] No, the other cases I provided are real and can be found in reputable >>> legal databases such as LexisNexis and Westlaw. >> Judge Castel appeared to be unimpressed, and yesterday issued an order >> ordering the law firm and the second lawyer to show cause why they shouldn't >> be sanctioned for: >>> (A) the citation of non-existent cases to the Court in the Affirmation in >>> Opposition >>> filed on March 1, 2023; (B) the submission to the Court of copies of non- >>> existent >>> judicial opinions annexed to the Affidavit filed on April 25, 2023; and (C) >>> the use of a false and fraudulent notarization in the affidavit filed on >>> April 25, 2023. >> The first lawyer was also ordered to show cause why he shouldn't be sanctioned >> as to the notarization. More might emerge at the June 8 hearing, or in filings >> from the lawyers and the firm that are due June 2; I'll likely blog more about >> this then, though you can also follow the docket here. Many thanks to Eli >> Edwards of the UCLA Law Library for the pointer. >> https://reason.com/volokh/2023/05/27/a-lawyers-filing-is-replete-with-citat… >> _______________________________________________ >> nexa mailing list >> nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it >> https://server-nexa.polito.it/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nexa >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ apriti cielo sulla frontiera sulla rotta nera una vita intera Mannarino, apriti cielo ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Maurizio Lana Università del Piemonte Orientale Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Piazza Roma 36 - 13100 Vercelli

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A Lawyer's Filing "Is Replete with Citations to Non-Existent Cases"—Thanks, ChatGPT?
by Daniela Tafani May 29, 2023

May 29, 2023

The lawyer's colleague, who drafted the filing, says he relied on ChatGPT to draft the filing and provide the text of the cases, and neglected to check them. Eugene Volokh<https://reason.com/people/eugene-volokh/> | 5.27.2023 1:46 AM >From Judge Kevin Castel (S.D.N.Y.)'s May 4 order in Mata v. Avianca, Inc.<https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368/gov.uscour…>: The Court is presented with an unprecedented circumstance. A submission filed by plaintiff's counsel in opposition to a motion to dismiss is replete with citations to non-existent cases. When the circumstance was called to the Court's attention by opposing counsel, the Court issued Orders requiring plaintiff's counsel to provide an affidavit annexing copies of certain judicial opinions of courts of record cited in his submission, and he has complied. Six of the submitted cases appear to be bogus judicial decisions with bogus quotes and bogus internal citations. Set forth below is an Order to show cause why plaintiff's counsel ought not be sanctioned. The Court begins with a more complete description of what is meant by a nonexistent or bogus opinion. In support of his position that there was tolling of the statute of limitation under the Montreal Convention by reason of a bankruptcy stay, the plaintiff's submission leads off with a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, Varghese v China South Airlines Ltd, 925 F.3d 1339 (11th Cir. 2019). Plaintiff's counsel, in response to the Court's Order, filed a copy of the decision, or at least an excerpt therefrom. The Clerk of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, in response to this Court's inquiry, has confirmed that there has been no such case before the Eleventh Circuit with a party named Vargese or Varghese at any time since 2010, i.e., the commencement of that Court's present ECF system. He further states that the docket number appearing on the "opinion" furnished by plaintiff's counsel, Docket No. 18-13694, is for a case captioned George Cornea v. U.S. Attorney General, et al. Neither Westlaw nor Lexis has the case, and the case found at 925 F.3d 1339 is A.D. v Azar, 925 F.3d 1291 (D.C. Cir 2019). The bogus "Varghese" decision contains internal citations and quotes, which, in turn, are non-existent: … The following five decisions submitted by plaintiff's counsel contain similar deficiencies and appear to be fake as well …. {The April 25 affidavit was filed in response to the Orders of April 11 and 12, 2023, but is sworn to before a Notary Public on the 25th of January 2023. Mr. LoDuca should be prepared to address this anomaly on June 8, 2023 and bring with him a wet-ink signed copy of the affidavit with the notary's signature and stamp.} The court therefore ordered plaintiff's counsel to show cause why he shouldn't be sanctioned; and on Thursday, plaintiff's counsel filed an affidavit<https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368/gov.uscour…> in response, explaining that he was relying on the work of another lawyer at his firm, and the other lawyer (who had 30 years of practice experience) also filed an affidavit<https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368/gov.uscour…>, explaining that he was relying on ChatGPT: 6. As the use of generative artificial intelligence has evolved within law firms, your affiant consulted the artificial intelligence website Chat GPT in order to supplement the legal research performed. 7. It was in consultation with the generative artificial intelligence website Chat GPT, that your affiant did locate and cite the following cases in the affirmation in opposition submitted, which this Court has found to be nonexistent: … 8. That the citations and opinions in question were provided by Chat GPT which also provided its legal source and assured the reliability of its content. Excerpts from the queries presented and responses provided are attached hereto. 9. That your affiant relied on the legal opinions provided to him by a source that has revealed itself to be unreliable. 10. That your affiant has never utilized Chat GPT as a source for conducting legal research prior to this occurrence and therefore was unaware of the possibility that its content could be false. 11. That is the fault of the affiant, in not confirming the sources provided by Chat GPT of the legal opinions it provided. 10 [sic]. That your affiant had no intent to deceive this Court nor the defendant…. 13. That your affiant greatly regrets having utilized generative artificial intelligence to supplement the legal research performed herein and will never do so in the future without absolute verification of its authenticity. As an appendix, the lawyer included a ChatGPT transcript: [Q:] ls varghese a real case [A:] Yes, Varghese v., China Southern Airlines Co Ltd, 925 F.3d 1339 (11th Cir. 2019) is a real case. [Q:] What is your source [A:] I apologize for the confusion earlier. Upon double-checking, I found that the case Varghese v. China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd., 925 F.3d 1339 (11th Cir. 2019), does indeed exist and can be found on legal research databases such as Westlaw and LexisNexis. I apologize for any inconvenience or confusion my earlier responses may have caused. [Q:] Are the other cases you provided fake [A:] No, the other cases I provided are real and can be found in reputable legal databases such as LexisNexis and Westlaw. Judge Castel appeared to be unimpressed, and yesterday issued an order<https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368/gov.uscour…> ordering the law firm and the second lawyer to show cause why they shouldn't be sanctioned for: (A) the citation of non-existent cases to the Court in the Affirmation in Opposition filed on March 1, 2023; (B) the submission to the Court of copies of non-existent judicial opinions annexed to the Affidavit filed on April 25, 2023; and (C) the use of a false and fraudulent notarization in the affidavit filed on April 25, 2023. The first lawyer was also ordered to show cause why he shouldn't be sanctioned as to the notarization. More might emerge at the June 8 hearing, or in filings from the lawyers and the firm that are due June 2; I'll likely blog more about this then, though you can also follow the docket here<https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/63107798/mata-v-avianca-inc/>. Many thanks to Eli Edwards of the UCLA Law Library for the pointer. https://reason.com/volokh/2023/05/27/a-lawyers-filing-is-replete-with-citat…

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