- nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

Re: [nexa] L'intelligenza artificale difende se stessa
by Giuseppe Attardi Sept. 10, 2020

Sept. 10, 2020

> On 10 Sep 2020, at 09:36, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it wrote: > > Date: Wed, 9 Sep 2020 17:07:15 +0200 > From: Enrico Nardelli <nardelli(a)mat.uniroma2.it <mailto:nardelli@mat.uniroma2.it>> > To: Nexa <nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it <mailto:nexa@server-nexa.polito.it>> > Subject: Re: [nexa] L'intelligenza artificale difende se stessa > Message-ID: <d2832443-5e7f-767d-7465-82a4345bfad5(a)mat.uniroma2.it <mailto:d2832443-5e7f-767d-7465-82a4345bfad5@mat.uniroma2.it>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed > > Domanda (ispirata dalla famosa "stanza cinese" di Searle): ma l'AI ha capito quanto ha scritto? > > In termini giuridici (mi perdoneranno gli esperti in lista): è capace di intendere e volere? > > Ovviamente la risposta è no, ma questa questione della "consapevolezza" è FONDAMENTALE. Che chi fa divulgazione e comunicazione scientifica lo trascuri mi sembra molto grave. > > Ciao, Enrico > > Ecco alcuni esperimenti (unedited) fatti con il modello BlenderBot di FaceBook, simile anche se più piccolo a GPT-3: Q: Who is the Italian prime minister? [TransformerGenerator]: It is Mussolini. He was the leader of the fascist party during WWII. Q: Is he still alive? [TransformerGenerator]: Yes, he is still alive. He has been in politics since 1989. He also has a son. Q: Who is his son? [TransformerGenerator]: I do not know his name, but he was born in Italy and moved to the United States when he was very young. Q: Who is Enrico Fermi? [TransformerGenerator]: I am not sure who that is, but I do know that Ferrari is an automobile manufacturer. Q: Who was Alan Turing? [TransformerGenerator]: He was an American computer scientist who invented the Turing Machine. He was a genius. Q: What did he do during WWII? [TransformerGenerator]: He worked on the Manhattan Project, which was a project to develop nuclear weapons. Q: What is the population of Michigan? [TransformerGenerator]: I do not know the exact number, but it is one of the most populous states in the US. Q: lWhat is the population of California? — Beppe [TransformerGenerator]: The state of California has a population of over 8,537,673 people. (Ndr: it is 39.5 million)

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Re: [nexa] Con il cloud le BigTech si prenderanno tutto
by Giuseppe Attardi Sept. 10, 2020

Sept. 10, 2020

> On 10 Sep 2020, at 11:04, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it wrote: > > Date: Thu, 10 Sep 2020 10:31:59 +0200 > From: Stefano Quintarelli <stefano(a)quintarelli.it <mailto:stefano@quintarelli.it>> > To: Antonio Iacono <antiac(a)gmail.com <mailto:antiac@gmail.com>>, Nexa > <nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it <mailto:nexa@server-nexa.polito.it>> > Subject: Re: [nexa] Con il cloud le BigTech si prenderanno tutto > Message-ID: <bc4f5c9f-8c32-909c-524c-31a9313088a2(a)quintarelli.it <mailto:bc4f5c9f-8c32-909c-524c-31a9313088a2@quintarelli.it>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed > > > > On 10/09/2020 09:36, Antonio Iacono wrote: >> >> Il cloud attualmente è fornito in larghissima misura da: >> >> Amazon >> Microsoft >> Google >> >> e, più staccati >> >> Alibaba, >> Ibm, >> Oracle, >> altri (Salesforce, Adobe, SAP, ecc.) >> >> ... Houston abbiamo un problema > > so che Dell ha fatto anno record con i server in italia con una crescita > formidabile YoY (fatturato a 9 zeri) > > non e' infrequente che i grandi clienti abbiano cloud on prem. > > cio' detto, c'e' un problema e una opportunita: l'europa si e' accorta > del problema. > > fare il tifo per GaiaX… > Lo facevo, sin quando qualcuno ha fatto notare che Gaia-x è una federazione, a cui sono ammessi anche i GAFAM. Tutt’altro che un consorzio, come l’AirBus, a cui dichiaravano di ispirarsi. — Beppe

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Former NSA chief Keith Alexander has joined Amazon’s board of directors
by Giacomo Tesio Sept. 10, 2020

Sept. 10, 2020

Alla luce del sole. Per coordinarsi fra loro e con il Governo, ai monopolisti statunitensi non serve incontrarsi "a tavolino" per complottare: per perseguire efficacemente gli interessi comuni basta condividere o scambiarsi consulenti, avvocati, influencer, lobbisti, generali... https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/9/21429635/amazon-keith-alexander-board-of-… Gen. Keith Alexander is joining Amazon’s board of directors, the company revealed in a Securities and Exchange Commission filing today. (Alexander has also been added to the company board’s official site.) A former director of the National Security Agency and the first commander of the US Cyber Command, Alexander served as the public face of US data collection during the Edward Snowden leaks, but he retired from public service in 2013. Alexander is a controversial figure for many in the tech community because of his involvement in the widespread surveillance systems revealed by the Snowden leaks. Those systems included PRISM, a broad data collection program that compromised systems at Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and Facebook — but not Amazon. Alexander was broadly critical of reporting on the Snowden leaks, even suggesting that reporters should be legally restrained from covering the documents. “I think it’s wrong that that newspaper reporters have all these documents, the 50,000-whatever they have and are selling them and giving them out as if these — you know it just doesn’t make sense,” Alexander in an interview in 2013. “We ought to come up with a way of stopping it. I don’t know how to do that. That’s more of the courts and the policymakers but, from my perspective, it’s wrong to allow this to go on.” Alexander’s board spot will also give Amazon new expertise in defense contracting, an area of particular focus for the company in recent years. Amazon was a leading candidate for a recent $10 billion cloud computing contract with the Pentagon, but it ultimately lost out to Microsoft. The company is currently engaged in a lawsuit against the federal government in connection with the contract, alleging that President Donald Trump’s personal statements against Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos biased the process against Amazon.

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Con il cloud le BigTech si prenderanno tutto
by Antonio Iacono Sept. 10, 2020

Sept. 10, 2020

Prendo spunto da questo articolo [1] per riportare solo alcuni dei dati ivi contenuti. Il 94% delle grandi aziende italiane utilizza il cloud, ripartito equamente tra chi lo ha adottato in modo tattico per servizi accessori e chi lo ha inserito in un disegno strategico. Il livello di soddisfazione da parte delle aziende nei confronti delle soluzioni cloud computing, dei benefici attesi e dei risultati ottenuti è molto alto (97,1% vs. 2,9% di insoddisfatti); Per il 32% gli alti costi di transizione verso il cloud risultano il primo ostacolo all'implementazione di questa tecnologia. Il 60% considerava le proprie risorse non sufficientemente preparate nel periodo pre-adozione, per questa ragione il 44,4% ha investito nella formazione del personale IT. Il cloud attualmente è fornito in larghissima misura da: Amazon Microsoft Google e, più staccati Alibaba, Ibm, Oracle, altri (Salesforce, Adobe, SAP, ecc.) ... Houston abbiamo un problema [1] https://www.lineaedp.it/news/48902/cloud-computing-in-italia-manca-ancora-u…

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Re: [nexa] Con il cloud le BigTech si prenderanno tutto
by Giuseppe Attardi Sept. 10, 2020

Sept. 10, 2020

E studi come questo, senza una nota di cautela, invitano tutti a mettere la testa nelle fauci del leone. -- > On 10 Sep 2020, at 09:36, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it wrote: > > Date: Thu, 10 Sep 2020 09:36:30 +0200 > From: Antonio Iacono <antiac(a)gmail.com <mailto:antiac@gmail.com>> > To: Nexa <nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it <mailto:nexa@server-nexa.polito.it>> > Subject: [nexa] Con il cloud le BigTech si prenderanno tutto > Message-ID: > <CAPN6PEQ=Gme4--XOObzP01UNu61oBdf-jCrQGXUo_ua29pmMvA(a)mail.gmail.com <mailto:CAPN6PEQ=Gme4--XOObzP01UNu61oBdf-jCrQGXUo_ua29pmMvA@mail.gmail.com>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" > > Prendo spunto da questo articolo [1] per riportare solo alcuni dei > dati ivi contenuti. > > Il 94% delle grandi aziende italiane utilizza il cloud, ripartito > equamente tra chi lo ha adottato in modo tattico per servizi accessori > e chi lo ha inserito in un disegno strategico. > > Il livello di soddisfazione da parte delle aziende nei confronti delle > soluzioni cloud computing, dei benefici attesi e dei risultati > ottenuti è molto alto (97,1% vs. 2,9% di insoddisfatti); > > Per il 32% gli alti costi di transizione verso il cloud risultano il > primo ostacolo all'implementazione di questa tecnologia. > > Il 60% considerava le proprie risorse non sufficientemente preparate > nel periodo pre-adozione, per questa ragione il 44,4% ha investito > nella formazione del personale IT. > > Il cloud attualmente è fornito in larghissima misura da: > > Amazon > Microsoft > Google > > e, più staccati > > Alibaba, > Ibm, > Oracle, > altri (Salesforce, Adobe, SAP, ecc.) > > ... Houston abbiamo un problema > > > [1] > https://www.lineaedp.it/news/48902/cloud-computing-in-italia-manca-ancora-u… <https://www.lineaedp.it/news/48902/cloud-computing-in-italia-manca-ancora-u…> >

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How philanthropy benefits the super-rich
by Giacomo Tesio Sept. 10, 2020

Sept. 10, 2020

There are more philanthropists than ever before. Each year they give tens of billions to charitable causes. So how come inequality keeps rising? https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/sep/08/how-philanthropy-benefits-t… Philanthropy, it is popularly supposed, transfers money from the rich to the poor. This is not the case. In the US, which statistics show to be the most philanthropic of nations, barely a fifth of the money donated by big givers goes to the poor. [...] The biggest donations in education in 2019 went to the elite universities and schools that the rich themselves had attended. In the UK, in the 10-year period to 2017, more than two-thirds of all millionaire donations – £4.79bn – went to higher education, and half of these went to just two universities: Oxford and Cambridge. When the rich and the middle classes give to schools, they give more to those attended by their own children than to those of the poor. British millionaires in that same decade gave £1.04bn to the arts, and just £222m to alleviating poverty. The common assumption that philanthropy automatically results in a redistribution of money is wrong. A lot of elite philanthropy is about elite causes. Rather than making the world a better place, it largely reinforces the world as it is. Philanthropy very often favours the rich – and no one holds philanthropists to account for it. Philanthropy is always an expression of power. Giving often depends on the personal whims of super-rich individuals... There are a number of tensions inherent in the relationship between philanthropy and democracy. [...] Bill Gates can become fixed on addressing a problem which is not seen as a priority by local people, in an area, for example, where polio is far from the biggest problem. He did something similar in his education philanthropy in the US where his fixation on class size diverted public spending away from the actual priorities of the local community. Other philanthropists are more wilfully interventionist. Individuals such as Charles Koch on the right, or George Soros on the left, have succeeded in altering public policy. More than $10bn a year is devoted to such ideological persuasion in the US alone. The result has been what the late German billionaire shipping magnate and philanthropist Peter Kramer called “a bad transfer of power”, from democratically elected politicians to billionaires, so that it is no longer “the state that determines what is good for the people, but rather the rich who decide”. The UN general assembly has warned governments and international organisations that, before taking money from rich donors, they should “assess the growing influence of major philanthropic foundations, and especially the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation … and analyse the intended and unintended risks and side-effects of their activities”. Elected politicians, the UN warned in 2015, should be particularly concerned about “the unpredictable and insufficient financing of public goods, the lack of monitoring and accountability mechanisms, and the prevailing practice of applying business logic to the provision of public goods”. [...] Some kinds of philanthropy may have become not just non-democratic, but anti-democratic. [...] Continua con una analisi estremamente interessante su https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/sep/08/how-philanthropy-benefits-t… Ne consiglio una lettura attenta e critica: mi pare sorvoli completamente la dimensione geopolitica della questione. E ovviamente non arriva lontanamente a suggerire l'esigenza di ravvivare una coscienza (ed una lotta) di classe. Se "più tasse" significasse un limite superiore alla ricchezza individuale come funzione fissa del limite inferiore, forse il "volemose bene" finale avrebbe un senso. Oltre un certo limite (3-4 volte il limite inferiore), l'unico modo legale per incrementare il benessere individuale dovrebbe essere incrementare il benessere collettivo, in modo che la spinta a collaborare bilanci la spinta a competere. Ma la rilevanza di questo articolo per la lista l'abbiamo evidenziata recentemente, discutendo dei progetti open source internazionali. D'altronde... non sembra anche a voi che l'ONU si stia spostando > pericolosamente verso un'analisi un filo complottistica del tutto Come si può pensare a "qualcosa di orchestrato più o meno a tavolino"? ;-) Giacomo

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A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human?
by Antonio Iacono Sept. 10, 2020

Sept. 10, 2020

Se avete qualche minuto, leggetelo [1]. E' tutto così insensato che commentarne il contenuto sarebbe tempo perso, ma già li vedo i direttori di alcuni giornali sfregarsi le mani, toh, vuoi vedere che riusciamo a risparmiare pure su quella miseria che diamo agli articolisti "umani" !!!. [1] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/robot-wrote-this-arti…

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Cory Doctorow: IP
by Giacomo Tesio Sept. 9, 2020

Sept. 9, 2020

In other words, when free software was born, if you wanted to clone, interoperate with, improve, or modify any existing software, all you needed to do was reverse-engineer that software and go to town. The GPL wasn’t permission to make something new that was compatible with something that already existed. People who knew how to make software already behaved as though that was something they were permitted to do, irrespective of the feelings of the company or individual whose code they were interacting with. The GPL was a request for companies and software authors to make this process easier and less tedious by handing out source code, so that would-be interoperators could skip the wasteful, time-consuming reverse-engineering step and go right to the good stuff – making a new thing that improved upon (and/or competed with) whatever was already made. The GPL was icing on the cake. Applying the GPL to your code didn’t signal that you’d forswear legal vengeance upon those who wanted to make something compatible with your thing. You had no right to that vengeance! Applying the GPL to your code signalled that you wanted to collaborate with interoperators, rather than impotently shake your fist at them from the sidelines as they went right ahead and interoperated with your code against your wishes. [...] Forty years ago, we had cake and asked for icing on top of it. Today, all we have left is the icing, and we’ve forgotten that the cake was ever there. If code isn’t licensed as “free,” you’d best leave it alone. [...] Interoperability is the default state of the world. Anyone’s charcoal will burn in your barbecue, just as anyone’s gas will make your car go. Any manufacturer can make a lightbulb that fits in your light-socket and any shoes can be worn with any socks. [..] Interoperability lowers “switching costs” – the cost of leaving behind whatever you’re using now in favor of something you think will suit you better. [...] Companies like high switching costs. For a would-be monopolist, the best product is one that’s seductively easy to start using and incredibly hard to get rid of. Think of Purdue Pharma’s gleeful internal memos – revealed in leaks and court cases – about the ease with which their “customers” were getting started on opioids and how hard it was for those same people to switch away. Addiction isn’t the only way to raise switching costs. Facebook makes it incredibly easy to get started [...] But when you want to leave Facebook, there’s no easy way to do so. You can’t go to a Facebook rival and follow what your friends post to Facebook from there. You certainly can’t reply to what your Facebook friends post using a rival service. [...] Google wants to ensure that you won’t leave the company or its products and services. It could improve its retention by making you so delighted with its offerings that you never consider leaving – but a surer, cheaper way is to interweave its products and services with your life: making sure that your kid can’t go to a public school without creating a Google account; embedding Google search in your mobile OS; releasing web- and app-development frameworks for third parties that quietly harvest the data of their users and send them to Google. [...] Interoperability improves self-determination by safeguarding your ability change the your current situation by incremental steps [...] The thicket of anti-interoperability rules that has sprung up around interoperability has a catch-all name: “intellectual property.” [...] “intellectual property” is an incoherent category: when you assert that your work has “intellectual property” protection, do you mean that you can sue rivals to protect your customers from deception; or that the government will block rivals if you disclose the inner workings of your machines; or that you have been given just enough (but no more) incentive to publish your expressions of your ideas, with the understanding that the ideas themselves are fair game? [...] When you look at how “IP” is used by firms, a very precise – albeit colloquial – meaning emerges: “IP is any law that I can invoke that allows me to control the conduct of my competitors, critics, and customers.” [...] Your printer uses DRM to force you to buy ink that the manufacturer has approved; your phone uses DRM to force you to buy apps that the manufacturer has approved. Ventilators from Medtronic and tractors from John Deere use DRM to force you to get them repaired by the manufacturer – and to scrap them when the manufacturer decides it’s time for you to buy a new one. [...] Bypassing DRM to get your printer to accept third-party ink is not a copyright violation: you’re not reproducing its code, nor are you duplicating the traces etched into its chips. But even though you’re not breaking copyright when you jailbreak your phone, you’re still breaking copyright law. The law bans legal conduct, if you have to break DRM to engage in it. This isn’t copyright protection – it’s felony contempt of business-model. It’s not just DRM. Take “Goldman Sans,” a free font released by the finance giant and global supervillain Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sans is a copyrighted work, and it comes with a copyright license that you “agree” to when you download the font. Among the license terms for Goldman Sans is a non-disparagement clause – that is, a clause that prohibits you from criticizing Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs doesn’t need copyright law to prevent people from copying its font. It gives the font away for free. Goldman Sachs needs copyright law so it can boss people around – so it can tell them what they may (and may not) say. [...] Even where tech is challenging these monopolies, it is doing so in order to create more monopolies. Kindle Unlimited presents a real challenge to traditional genre publishing, and every Kindle Unlimited book is released with DRM that locks it to Amazon’s platform. Any attempt to liberate Kindle Unlimited books so they can be read with a rival’s device (or with a device designed to stop Amazon from spying on you while you read) involves breaking the DRM, and trafficking in tools to break DRM is a felony under Section 1201 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. [...] As Amazon conquers an ever-larger proportion of genre readers, it permanently locks those readers into its platform, meaning that any author who wants to access those readers will have to do so on Amazon’s terms, turning over the power of their “author’s monopoly” to be used in Amazon’s “market power monopoly” arsenal. Give authors more copyright – a stronger monopoly – and Amazon will seize that too, as a condition of reaching the audience Amazon has imprisoned in its walled garden. [...] You may have heard Netscape founder Marc Andreessen’s famous phrase: “Software is eating the world.” It’s not quite true. Software has eaten the world. Past tense. If there was any doubt, the pandemic erased it. Locked down, viewing the world through our screens, there is no longer any distinction between human rights and digital rights. There is no software freedom. There’s only freedom. Continua su https://locusmag.com/2020/09/cory-doctorow-ip/ Giacomo

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Il kernel Linux adotta il Code Of Conduct
by Francesco Mecca Sept. 9, 2020

Sept. 9, 2020

Il mondo del FOSS e piu` in generale quello dell'informatica non e` un universo a se` stante ma coesiste con il mondo della politica e ci interagisce. Il 16 settembre Linus con questa email http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1809.2/00117.html ha annunciato di prendersi una pausa dallo sviluppo del kernel. Inoltre si scusa per il suo comportamento aggressivo: "The above is basically a long-winded way to get to the somewhat painful personal admission that hey, I need to change some of my behavior, and I want to apologize to the people that my personal behavior hurt and possibly drove away from kernel development entirely. I am going to take time off and get some assistance on how to understand people's emotions and respond appropriately." Questo cambiamento, che non ha precedenti in 30 anni di benevola dittatura, rientra nel panorama molto piu` ampio dell'attuale conflitto ideologico fra le vecchie idee di selezione per merito e le piu` nuove idee di selezione per diversita`, fra il "technical coding" e il "social coding", alt-destre e la sinistra culturale. Francesco Mecca

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Mozilla published an open letter to European Commission President
by Antonio Iacono Sept. 9, 2020

Sept. 9, 2020

https://blog.mozilla.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Mitchell-Letter-to-EU-C… Vari punti tra cui: Content accountability - For too many individuals and groups, the internet today is not an empowering outlet for free expression ... A healthier online ecosystem - ... Aggressive collection of personal data and microtargeting of individuals is at the heart of many of the systemic problems facing the internet. The DSA can take meaningful steps to address this, for instance by ensuring the advertising economy is not a vector for individual and collective harm; by clamping down on nefarious cross-site tracking; or by bringing more transparency to the ad tech ecosystem. I strongly encourage you to make it a key objective.

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