September 2023 - nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

Un seminario sull'IA linguistica
by Guido Vetere Sept. 28, 2023

Sept. 28, 2023

Illustri, la presente per invitarVi ad un seminario dal titolo: "Le macchie pensano? Quando la tecnologia incontra il problema del significato" che si terrà il 6 Ottobre p.v. ore 18 presso l'Istituto Psicoanalitico per le Ricerche Sociali E.T.S. Passeggiata di Ripetta, 11, nonché anche online. Più informazioni: https://www.iprs.it/evento/intelligenza-artificiale-le-macchine-pensano/ Prenotazioni per la sessione online (gratis) https://www.eventbrite.it/e/biglietti-intelligenza-artificiale-le-macchine-… <https://www.eventbrite.it/e/biglietti-intelligenza-artificiale-le-macchine-…> Cordiali saluti, Guido Vetere

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towards a new good internet
by Giuseppe Attardi Sept. 28, 2023

Sept. 28, 2023

Dovremmo cercare di superare questa fase di “enshittification” di Internet. Secondo Cory Doctorow, dovremmo: “seize back the means of computation to get back not to the old good internet but the new good internet it could have been”. https://youtu.be/mSeBelDVrgE?si=fQ0nIcMGwCvIZQS6

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Re: [nexa] [OT] il modello di business di Wikipedia (Wikimedia)
by Giuseppe Attardi Sept. 28, 2023

Sept. 28, 2023

Sono d’accordo con Alberto, ma dirò di più. Il modello di sfruttare anche economicamente, i risultati del lavoro e dei contributi della comunità sarebbe secondo me proprio la strada da seguire per contrastare il modello del profitto aziendale. Ne ho accennato altre volte, ed è quello che chiamo modello delle Utopie Virtuali, ossia comunità che si organizzano in base a proprie regole, costituendo un bene comune, difendendolo e anche sfruttandolo a proprio beneficio. Il bene comune è gestito sotto forma di cooperativa, di cui i membri dell’Utopia sono soci, e quindi decidono sia le regole, che l’utilizzo del bene comune, la sua protezione e il suo sviluppo. Mi rifaccio agli studi della Nobel Elinor Ostrom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom) o più anticamente alle Regole Ampezzane (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regole_ampezzane) Nel mondo digitale i Commons potrebbero essere vari: l’insieme dei dati personali delle persone (da affidare a una Cooperativa di dati), lo spazio di discussione social, la stessa Internet (https://www.garr.it/it/documenti/1553-selected-papers-conferenza-2011-g-att… <https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi…>). Un’Utopia dovrebbe andare oltre la cooperativa, e diventare una vera comunità, di livello sovranazionale e di dimensioni globali, tali da poter fare da contraltare alla grandi multinazionali e poter competere e contrattare con esse. Le grandi dimensioni sono necessarie per poter avere voce in capitolo, dato che ohe oggi il contrasto alle multinazionali passa per le nazioni e per organismi sovranazionali che non sempre sono in grado di tenere loro testa, visti i contrasti tra gli interessi in gioco (es. Minimum Tax). Gli stati westfaliani nacquero nel’600, prendendo atto che non ci poteva mettere d’accordo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalian_system) e quindi lasciando che ciascuno facesse ciò che gli pareva in casa propria. Ma oggi il concetto di casa, legato alla geografia, nel mondo digitale globale non ha più molto senso e le nazioni si confrontano con organismi globali più grandi di loro, che rappresentano gli interessi trasversali del capitalismo, non più dei popoli. Ogni Utopia avrebbe i suoi fini e principii. Ad esempio, alcuni utenti potrebbero decidere di conferire i propri dati personali a una Utopia, delle cui politiche si fidano, magari con la tecnologia Solid (https://solidproject.org/about) che a sua volta negozia con le piattaforme le modalità del loro uso. Sarebbe vietato ad altri raccogliere dati sulle persone, ma dovrebbero richiederli esplicitamente alla Utopia di appartenenza. Per esempio, una Utopia potrebbe concedere i dati per usi in ambito di ricerca medica, altre non concederli in nessun caso. L’idea è solo un abbozzo e andrebbe articolata meglio, se si ritiene plausibile. Potrebbe essere una risposta anche alla domanda di Damiano Verzulli sul cosa fare: elaborare il concetto di Utopia e metterla in pratica, creandone alcune e invitando persone a partecipare. — Beppe > On 25 Sep 2023, at 07:49, <nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it> <nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it> wrote: > > Date: Sun, 24 Sep 2023 20:19:56 +0200 > From: Alberto Cammozzo <ac+nexa(a)zeromx.net <mailto:ac+nexa@zeromx.net>> > To: 380° <g380(a)biscuolo.net <mailto:g380@biscuolo.net>>, nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it <mailto:nexa@server-nexa.polito.it> > Subject: Re: [nexa] [OT] il modello di business di Wikipedia > (Wikimedia) > Message-ID: <dd4fc3ef-538a-7969-61d6-a20c1d9b2d9c(a)zeromx.net <mailto:dd4fc3ef-538a-7969-61d6-a20c1d9b2d9c@zeromx.net>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"; Format="flowed" > > Caro Giovanni, > > In estrema sintesi, la definizione di surveillance capitalism non > riguarda il fatto che uno ricavi denaro dai dati raccolti /dai/ suoi > utenti, ma che venda i comportamenti (passati o futuri) /dei/ suoi utenti. > > A mia conoscenza Wikimedia non profila i propri utenti, non usa > recommendation systems per condizionarli, non adatta i contenuti a chi > ha davanti, e non mi risulta nemmeno che venda a terzi i dati dei propri > utenti, per cui il modello di business descritto dalla Zuboff come > /surveillance capitalism/ non si applica. > > Grazie per gli articoli sul modello di business di Wikimedia, > interessanti. Mi pare però che delineino un modello tradizionale di > servizio premium a pagamento. > > Un saluto, > > Alberto > > > On 9/23/23 12:38, 380° wrote: >> Buongiorno Alberto, >> >> follow the money? :-) >> >> Alberto Cammozzo via nexa<nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it <mailto:nexa@server-nexa.polito.it>> writes: >> >> [...] >> >>> Attardi fa l'esempio di Wikipedia che è l'unica piattaforma >>> centralizzata di scala globale confrontabile con GAFAM e che non usa il >>> surveillance capitalism come modello di business. >> Io preferisco la parola capture a surveillance perché rende meglio il >> concetto (capture implica surveillance), ma è una /pignoleria/ :-) >> >> Sono imbarazzato, non capisco perché sostieni che Wikipedia, o meglio >> Wikimedia, non usa quel modello di "business", considerato - per dire >> l'ultima - che ha appena lanciato il suo "Enterprise" service con >> relativa azienda con sede nel... Delaware, ma ROTFL! >> >> Wikipedia’s Deep Ties to Big Tech >> By Michael Olenick APR 5, 2021 >> >> https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/wikipedias-deep-ties-to-big… >> >> --8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8--- >> >> Wikipedia’s online fundraising efforts that highlight its dependence on >> donations for its continued functioning,[*] its assurance that it is >> “super transparent with the public,” and occasional threats to run ads >> to assure Wikipedia’s financial stability. Most users probably also >> assume that Wikipedia’s content, even if sometimes mistaken or >> incomplete, is basically harmless, with occasional errors the price of >> straitened production conditions and limited staff. [...] >> >> Wikipedia Is Wealthy & Works with Big Tech >> >> Despite frequent protestations to the contrary, Wikimedia – the San >> Francisco-based parent non-profit of Wikipedia – has enormous financial >> reserves. >> >> [...] implementing a new service, Wikimedia Enterprise, a for-profit >> Delaware-based company to charge Big Tech for easier electronic access >> to Wikipedia content. >> >> Lest there be any ambiguity about who “these companies” are, they >> explain high-volume commercial reusers include “the ‘infoboxes’ .. >> shown in search engine results,” “voice-operated virtual assistants such >> as Siri and Alexa,” and “augmented information .. such as in-flight >> entertainment systems or smartphones.” For those who still don’t get it, >> the term infoboxes links to a Wikipedia article about Google’s knowledge >> panel.[1] >> >> Wikimedia argues for-profit high-volume information “reusers” (its term) >> have repeatedly asked for a dedicated service to efficiently funnel >> information away from the site and money towards it. Big Tech wants a >> contractual arrangement along with a service level agreement >> (SLA). Wikimedia argues it is unable to offer a contract or provide an >> SLA under its current legal scheme. >> >> When asked, Wikimedia representatives responded that the Big Tech >> businesses are uncomfortable supporting the non-profit through donations >> and that they’d prefer a more explicit fee-for-service arrangement.[2] >> Furthermore, the ongoing practice of embedding Wikimedia content into >> the websites and information outlets of others deprives Wikimedia of an >> ability to advertise for donations which, over the long-run, may impact >> its ability to fundraise. >> >> [...] Wikimedia Lacks Transparency >> >> [...] Google’s former charity, Google.org <http://google.org/>, shuttered the year ending >> 2018.[9] Google made two large donations to Tides Foundation, a total of >> $50,264,173 listed in their 2018 disclosure (consisting of three >> donations: $43,844,348, $844,448, and $560,055) and $76,385,901 in >> 2017. Neither matches a line-item amount Tides Foundation reported for >> the corresponding years.[10] Google also contributes money directly to >> both Wikimedia and the Wikimedia Endowment, announcing a $7.5 million >> donation at the 2019 Word Economic Forum.[11] >> >> [...] While Wikimedia donates money to Tides – to support its endowment >> and Knowledge Equity Fund (via Tides Advocacy) – Tides also donates >> money to Wikimedia. However, the Tides donations do not appear in >> Wikimedia annual reports [...] >> >> --8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8--- >> (e /molto/ altro ancora nell'articolo) >> >> Il suo primo cliente /pare/ essere Google: >> >> --8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8--- >> >> It’s not exactly clear how Google’s new partnership will change the >> end-user side of things. Tim Palmer, the managing director of Google’s >> search partnerships, vaguely commented that Google looks forward to >> “deepening” its partnership with the Wikimedia Foundation through its >> Enterprise service. Lane Becker, Wikimedia Enterprise’s senior director >> of earned revenue told The Verge that the service is still in its “early >> days” and declined to comment on specific ways Google might use it. >> >> I would imagine that Google users probably won’t notice a change at all >> — maybe we’ll see Wikipedia cited more often in knowledge panels or >> perhaps Google will come up with a new way to integrate Wikipedia’s >> information into its services. Google has made donations to the >> Wikimedia Foundation in the past, but this marks the first time it’s >> signing on as an actual customer. >> >> [...] Wikimedia argues it currently subsidizes Big Tech by providing the >> labor required for the coordination of information dissemination. The >> implication is that there are resources at Wikimedia with an incremental >> cost to feed data to Big Tech. A question asking for a guesstimate about >> how many people spend how much time on this activity went unanswered, >> along with all other written questions. >> >> --8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8--- >> (https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/22/23178245/google-paying-wikimedia-foundat…) >> >>> Mi pare suggerisca che abbiamo bisogno di alternative al modello di >>> business, e in questo la proposta di offrire gli stessi servizi con un >>> modello stile WP senza sorveglianza mi pare valida. >> WP come Wikipedia? Non credo proprio. >> >> WP come WordPress? :-D >> >> Scherzi a parte, ho la /vaga/ sensazione che potremmo star qui in eterno >> a giocare di inventarci nuovi modelli di business senza mai risolvere il >> problema (quale problema?) >> >> In altri termini: cambiare modello di business in un mercato NON libero >> come quello attialmente dominante (capitalismo) credo sia inutile. >> >> Trovare modelli di business alternativi in un libero mercato credo sia >> più efficace... libero per davvero però, non per finta come vogliono >> farci credere i narratori delle magnifiche e progressive sorti del >> capitalismo (in ogni sua declinazione: classico, finanziario, turbo, a >> energia eolica, corretto grappa...). >> >> Già, questo però non c'entra proprio nulla con la lista Nexa: >> perdonatemi! >> >> [...] >> >> Saluti, 380°

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Rapporto, "What Mobilises People Against Big-Tech?"
by J.C. DE MARTIN Sept. 28, 2023

Sept. 28, 2023

Carmi, E. <https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/elinor=2Ecarmi.html> <http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-2075> & Nakou, P. <https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/panagiota=2Enakou=2E2.html> (2023). /What Mobilises People Against Big-Tech?/. London, UK: City, University of London. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/31373/ Sequenza Twitter/X con i punti principali: https://twitter.com/elinor_carmi/status/1707042781812707451?s=61&t=2JDFbkj1… jc

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Re: [nexa] La storia di Internet.
by maurizio lana Sept. 28, 2023

Sept. 28, 2023

per qualche ragione che non so il corpo del messaggio a me non risulta agevolmente leggibile Maurizio Il 28/09/23 10:32, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it ha scritto: > From: Giuseppe Attardi <attardi(a)di.unipi.it> > To: 380° <g380(a)biscuolo.net> > Cc: nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > Subject: Re: [nexa] La storia di Internet. > > An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: > <http://server-nexa.polito.it/pipermail/nexa/attachments/20230928/4aa0d1d3/a…> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ la montagna è la prima che insegna a durare Antonia Pozzi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Maurizio Lana Università del Piemonte Orientale Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Piazza Roma 36 - 13100 Vercelli

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Fwd: Evento Ishiguro
by don Luca Peyron Sept. 28, 2023

Sept. 28, 2023

Buongiorno a tutti, anche io segnalo un evento milanese particolarmente interessante Un caro saluto dl _________________________ don Luca Peyron Pastorale Universitaria - Apostolato Digitale Arcidiocesi di Torino www.universitari.to.it via XX settembre 83, Torino tel. 011 5156239

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Press Release (CSA Regulation): Who benefits from the EU Commission’s mass surveillance law?
by Giacomo Tesio Sept. 27, 2023

Sept. 27, 2023

A newly-published independent investigation uncovered that parts of the European Commission, specifically the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME), have been promoting industry interests in its proposed law to regulate the spread of child sexual abuse material online. The CSA Regulation negotiations have become the playground of powerful interests from tech companies, law enforcement bodies, and governments with the lead Commission directorate deciding what rights to trade off. # Whose interests are at the centre of the CSA Regulation? Today, 25 September, 6 leading news outlets published a joint investigation in which they uncovered close links between the tech industry and leading European Commission staff representatives responsible for the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Regulation – including Home Affairs Commissioner, Ylva Johansson and Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. EDRi – along with over 130 NGOs, including from the Stop Scanning Me coalition – have been voicing civil society’s and experts’ concerns about the legitimacy of the proposed measures in the CSA Regulation. The law requires that private companies monitor potentially all private communication on behalf of police,. A wide range of stakeholders, including child protection experts, survivors of CSA, police, national governments, UN officials, companies, NGOs and others have warned that the proposed measures could do more harm than good for the very children they are supposed to protect, and would have unprecedented impact of the safety and confidentiality of communications on a global scale. Yet, Johansson continued to actively push its proposal at breakneck speed and put pressure on key policymakers to land a worryingly quick decision – even if it makes the law more likely to be overturned. This investigation proves that Commissionner Johansson’s law fosters the industry’s interest. The law would benefit the interest of tech firms like Thorn, boosting the surveillance market where people’s privacy is used to make a profit. # Tech industry gets a VIP seat at the Commission’s table The investigation also highlights that contradiction that Johansson, the leading Commissioner on the CSA Regulation, has refused to meet with civil society representatives and failed to engage with tech experts – all whilst opening doors for surveillance tech companies. When close to 500 academics and scientists raised privacy concerns with the proposal, Johansson tried to delegitimise the experts’ analysis. Arda Gerkens, the Director of Europe’s oldest hotline for children and adults wanting to report abuse Offlimits, shared that none of her attempts to meet with Johansson were successful. For the investigation, she shared that “encryption is key to protecting kids as well: predators hack accounts searching for images” – a perspective missing from Johansson’s analysis of the debate. # Europol wants more surveillance, the Commission didn’t say no The EDRi network has continuously expressed concerns about the CSA Regulation undermining encryption and leaving people’s private communications open to anyone to snoop into. We have seen an increased political push by states and law enforcement for surveillance measures and backdoors to everyone’s private spaces, with the government of Spain going so far as to call to outlaw end-to-end encryption in Europe. Even though the CSA Regulation is meant to focus solely on tackling online child sexual abuse, it seems that the Commission is open to allowing mass surveillance for broader crime areas. When Europol officials suggested using the proposed EU Centre to scan for more than just CSAM, the Commission did not reject the idea. https://edri.org/our-work/press-release-csa-regulation-who-benefits-from-th…

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Cyber Crossover and Its Escalatory Risks for Europe - Saalman et al. - SIPRI
by Diego.Latella Sept. 27, 2023

Sept. 27, 2023

Appena pubblicato Cyber Crossover and Its Escalatory Risks for Europe Dr Lora Saalman, Fei Su and Larisa Saveleva Dovgal https://doi.org/10.55163/SIEP1930 Publisher: SIPRI SIPRI, Stockholm: September, 2023 DL -- Dott. Diego Latella - Senior Researcher CNR/ISTI, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy (http:www.isti.cnr.it) FM&&T Lab. (http://fmt.isti.cnr.it) CNR/GI-STS (http://gists.pi.cnr.it) https://www.isti.cnr.it/People/D.Latella - ph: +390506212982, fax: +390506212040 ===================

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Fwd: EDRi-gram 27 September 2023: Civil society urges EU to regulate police tech in AI Act, say no to CSAR mass surveillance, & more!
by J.C. DE MARTIN Sept. 27, 2023

Sept. 27, 2023

-------- Forwarded Message -------- Subject: EDRi-gram 27 September 2023: Civil society urges EU to regulate police tech in AI Act, say no to CSAR mass surveillance, & more! Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 10:55:07 +0200 From: EDRi - European Digital Rights <edrigram(a)edri.org> EDRi-gram 27 September 2023: Civil society urges EU to regulate police tech in AI Act, say no to CSAR mass surveillance, & more! A sign reading "EDRi-gram" <https://edri.org/take-action/edri-gram/> Dear supporters, The weather might be cooling off but the digital rights world is heating up with activity. Civil society continues to fight against dystopian surveillance technology. More than 85 organisations have called on EU governments to *say no to the CSA Regulation* until it fully protects online rights, freedoms, and security. Over 115 civil society organisations are urging EU lawmakers to *regulate the use of AI technology for harmful and discriminatory surveillance by law enforcement*. In the *Czech Republic*, EDRi member Iuridicum Remedium have details on the Czech *police’s illegal use of a facial recognition system*. In this EDRi-gram you will find out more about: * *Privacy & Data protection* o Meta pledges to ask EU users for consent before showing behavioural ads <#privacyarticle2> o Czech police use facial recognition system, IuRe finds out details <#privacyarticle3> o Polish Senate calls Pegasus illegal and demands scrutiny over secret services <#privacyarticle4> * *Mass Surveillance & AI* o EU lawmakers must regulate the harmful use of tech by law enforcement in the AI Act <#aiarticle1> o Open letter: EU countries should say no to the CSAR mass surveillance proposal <#privacyarticle1> o Potential loopholes in the AI Act could allow use of intrusive tech on ‘national security’ grounds <#aiarticle2> <#aiarticle3>** * *EDRi's Recommendations <#recommended>* * *Jobs & Events! <#jobs>* Illustration showing people being labeled and targeted by the police; journalists; activists, etc. <https://edri.org/our-work/polish-senate-calls-pegasus-illegal-and-demands-s…> Polish Senate calls Pegasus illegal and demands scrutiny over secret services ////EDRi member,/Panoptykon Foundation <https://panoptykon.org/> / The Senate of Poland concluded its investigation on the use of Pegasus by Polish secret services to spy on opposition politicians and unapologetic public persons. They declared that *Pegasus should be considered illegal* in Poland and the secret services should be put under strict and independent scrutiny. *Doubts also arose around the fairness of Poland’s 2019 elections*.*Read more. <https://edri.org/our-work/polish-senate-calls-pegasus-illegal-and-demands-s…>* Meta pledges to ask EU users for consent before showing behavioural ads ////Mickey Manakas <https://twitter.com/m_manakas>, PR Manager, EDRi member, /noyb <https://noyb.eu/en>/ In a surprise announcement, Meta made the long overdue promise to finally *ask its users for their consent before showing ads* – at least if they live in the European Union, EEA or Switzerland. According to Meta, the change is due to a new interpretation of the GDPR by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC). What about the fact that the company has been in legal trouble over its advertising business in the past five years?*Read more. <https://edri.org/our-work/meta-pledges-to-ask-eu-users-for-consent-before-s…>* Czech police use facial recognition system, IuRe finds out details ////EDRi member, /Iuridicum Remedium <https://iure.org/> / EDRi member Iuridicum Remedium (IuRe) have details on the Czech police’s *illegal use of a facial recognition system*. The country’s data protection authorities were not consulted in advance on the system, which is being used for biometric identification. IuRe's findings have led to increased scrutiny of the use of the system and an examination by the Czech Office for Personal Data Protection.*Read more. <https://edri.org/our-work/czech-police-use-facial-recognition-system-iure-f…>* Donate to EDRi <https://edri.org/take-action/donate/> <https://edri.org/our-work/civil-society-statement-regulate-police-tech-ai-a…> EU lawmakers must regulate the harmful use of tech by law enforcement in the AI Act ////EDRi <https://edri.org/> & EDRi member, /Access Now <https://www.accessnow.org/>/ As the European Union inches closer to finalising the AI Act, civil society organisations are concerned about the unchecked, discriminatory and mass surveillance due to the use of AI in *policing and migration control*. Thus, *115 civil society organisations* are asking EU policymakers to regulate the use of AI systems by law enforcement, migration control and national security authorities throughout Europe. *Read more <https://edri.org/our-work/civil-society-statement-regulate-police-tech-ai-a…>.* Open letter: EU countries should say no to the CSAR mass surveillance proposal ////EDRi <https://edri.org/> EDRi and 81 organisations have sent an open letter to European governments to once again urge them *to say no to the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Regulation* until it fully protects online rights, freedoms, and security. This public call builds on the widely supported academic and tech position <https://docs.google.com/document/d/13Aeex72MtFBjKhExRTooVMWN9TC-pbH-5LEaAbM…> of nearly *500 scientists and researchers*, who have warned that the proposal is technically dangerous and poses a severe threat to encryption. *Read more <https://edri.org/our-work/open-letter-eu-countries-should-say-no-to-the-csa…>*. Potential loopholes in the AI Act could allow use of intrusive tech on ‘national security’ grounds EDRi affiliate, /European Center for Not-for-Profit Law <https://ecnl.org/> & /Stop Killer Robots <https://www.stopkillerrobots.org/> Both the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe (COE) negotiations are considering *excluding AI systems designed, developed and used for military purposes*, matters of national defence and national security from the scope of their final regulatory frameworks. If this indeed happens, we will have a *huge regulatory gap* regarding such systems. *Read more <https://edri.org/our-work/potential-loopholes-in-the-ai-act-could-allow-use…>.* Read How the European Parliament will vote for and against biometric mass surveillance? Joe McNamee <https://www.linkedin.com/in/joemcnamee/>/ / The purpose of this article is to explain the decision-making process for the AI Act and how it risks leading to the rollout of AI-powered biometric mass surveillance. *We can, together, stop biometric mass surveillance*, for the good of people in the EU and for populations around the globe. *Read more* <https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-european-parliament-vote-against-biometr…>. Do Demand a future without manipulation The Greens/EFA <https://www.greens-efa.eu/en/> In a world with the EU Digital Services Act, surveillance-based advertising will be banned to help the industry to innovate and start using respectful ways of advertising. *Contextual advertising, which does not rely on personal data, will become the norm*. Demand a future without manipulation. *Act now! <https://afuturewithoutmanipulation.eu/surveillance-based-advertising/#afutu…>* Watch Telegram isn’t as private as you think NBTV, with Naomi Brockwell <https://www.youtube.com/@NaomiBrockwellTV> Telegram advertises itself as a private messaging app, and has attracted over 800 million users. But, *if you're looking for private communication, this is not the app to recommend*. This video explains how encryption actually works on Telegram: how it's not possible to end-to-end encrypt group chats, and how direct messages are not private by default. *Watch the video <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtRQKQkvUfE>*. Listen The world of mesh networking with Elektra Wagenrad EDRi member, /fsfe <https://fsfe.org/index.en.html> / With this episode the Software Freedom Podcast opens the door to the fascinating and sometimes complex world of mesh networking. *If you are new to this world*, this episode is an easy entrance to it. 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Re: [nexa] necessaria alfabetizzazione digitale - già Mozilla: "It’s Official: Cars Are the Worst Product ...
by Giuseppe Attardi Sept. 27, 2023

Sept. 27, 2023

Credo dobbiamo davvero chiederci perché siamo arrivatial alla situazione attuale, come suggerisce Damiano Verzulli. In larga misura sono d’accordo sulle osservazioni di Marco Fioretti. Gli atteggiamenti estremi (non usare SW non libero, non usare formati proprietari, considerare saper programmare un requisito) non siano stati decisivi. Il software libero ha vinto, è vero, ma adesso che si fa? https://www.wired.com/2016/08/open-source-won-now/ Si scopre che quella era una battaglia sacrosanta ma non determinante, perché ormai tutti, compresi i temibili nemici monopolisti, si sono adeguati ed hanno adottato l’Open Source. IBM ha comprato RedHat, Microsoft GitHub, Oracle MySQL, ecc. Infatti qualcuno si domanda: https://thenewstack.io/state-of-open-open-source-has-won-but-is-it-sustaina… Sono d’accordo con Marco, che alla gran parte della gente, l’unica cosa che importi è che il software sia invisibile, ossia che funzioni senza troppo interferire con i nostri modi di fare. Uno dei cardini della rivoluzione del Personal Computer secondo Alan Kay, era che si potevano sprecare cicli macchina per rendere i computer più umani piuttosto che istruire gli umani a conoscere le macchine. Le interfacce grafiche col mouse erano costose e molti le consideravano deleterie. Ebbi io stesso lunghe discussioni con Richard Stallman, che non ne capiva i vantaggi rispetto all’uso di una tastiera con comandi Ctrl-Meta-X e in seguito riguardo all’assenza di un sistema a finestre per Linux, con varie versioni in lizza tra loro. Oggi siamo al terzo giro in questa direzione, con l’AI che è in grado di dialogare in linguaggio umano, ma persino, udite udite, di poter programmare in linguaggio umano, stravolgendo uno degli assunti sottesi nelle nostre discussoini, che le competenze digitali richiedessero la capacità di programmare. Ho seguito questa presentazione a North By PyCon, di Simon Willison, un famoso hacker Python, che spiega come lui stesso si faccia aiutare abbondantemente da ChatGPT, risparmiandosi la fatica di consultare manuali, studiare API, per fare ciò che gli interessa: https://youtu.be/h8Jth_ijZyY?si=kL6-ntYs7OaTnkpr Quindi è stato un errore pensare che il controllo dei sorgenti fosse la chiave di porco per ribaltare il modello di business delle grandi corporation e che questo potesse interessare alla massa degli utenti, in quanto cosa buona e giusta. Nel frattempo il modello di business delle corporation è cambiato: da vendere licenze di software da installare sulle nostre macchine si è passati a fornire servizi in rete, chiavi in mano, pronti per l’uso senza dover fare nulla. Vi diamo oltre che al software, anche l’hardware e lo storage gratis. Prima erano i blog, poi le mail, poi le foto, poi il messaging, poi i social media, poi lo storage sharing, poi i social media e infine tutto con il cloud computing. E non si tratta di sw e hw scadente, ma generalmente di qualità medio alta. È chiaro che contro questa offerta, apparentemente così vantaggiosa, non è possibile confrontarsi. E non devo ripetere quali sono i pericoli che il capitalismo di sorveglianza o l’economia delle piattaforme può produrre. Smontare i monopoli digitali togliendo sotto i loro piedi i ricavi della vendita di software (o quanto meno ampliare lo spazio alla concorrenza) non ha funzionato, se adesso gli oligopoli sono più potenti che mai nella storia, superando in fatturato i PIL di molte grandi nazioni. Le fondamenta dell’economia delle piattaforme è piuttosto semplice, e per smontarle bisognerebbe puntare direttamente a quelle fondamenta, piuttosto che aspettarsi miracoli da legislazioni come il Digital Service Act o leggi antitrust. Le piattaforme si basano sulla vendita di pubblicità. Che sia mirata o no, è poco rilevante: il tracking degli utenti è solo un mantra di marketing per vendere meglio la pubblicità a chi crede sia determinante. E non è quindi difendendo la privacy, obiettivo sacrosanto ma non decisivo, che si possono contrastare le piattaforme. Andare alla base del problema significa colpire i ricavi pubblicitari. Il Nobel Paul Romer suggerisce di introdurre una tassazione altamente progressiva ai ricavi pubblicitari, fino al 90%, per scoraggiare questo modello di business e incoraggiare le aziende a dividersi. https://adtax.paulromer.net/ In parallelo a questo, che va fatto seguendo le lungaggini dei canali istituzionali, si può percorrere anche un’altra strada. In alternativa alle aziende digitali for-profit, creare cooperative di utenti no-profit, che si reggono su donazioni (come Wikipedia) e su servizi che erogano in abbonamento ai propri iscritti. Per funzionare, queste cooperative dovrebbero raggiungere centinaia di milioni di utenti. Gli utenti sarebbero soci della cooperativa, e ogni loro contributo servirebbe ad arricchirne il patrimonio. Per esempio, se svolgesse un servizio di social networking tipo Mastodon, i contenuti contribuiti dagli utenti potrebbero divenire un patrimonio della cooperativa, i cui soci potrebbero decidere come usarli ad esempio per allenare dei LLM a disposizikne della comunità o per altri fini che gli stessi soci decidano. Per ora mi fermo qui, sperando che la discussione, avviata da Damiano sul perché siamo arrivati a tanto, continui. — Beppe > On 19 Sep 2023, at 18:18, nexa-request(a)server-nexa.polito.it wrote: > Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 12:41:36 +0200 > From: "M. Fioretti" <mfioretti(a)nexaima.net> > To: nexa(a)server-nexa.polito.it > Subject: Re: [nexa] necessaria alfabetizzazione digitale - già > Mozilla: "It’s Official: Cars Are the Worst Product ... > Message-ID: <ZQl64LtuJ0KKYgPz(a)nexaima.net> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 > >> On Tue, Sep 19, 2023 10:54:59 AM +0200, Damiano Verzulli wrote: >> L'invito che faccio --in primis al nostro Alessandro Marzocchi, ma anche a >> tutti gli altri NEXIANI-- è di riflettere: perchè si è arrivati a tanto, >> ossia a Paolo che per la sua didattica usa gli strumenti di Google? Cosa non >> ha funziona? Perché nella classe di Paolo o, meglio ancora, nella sua >> scuola, non sono presenti, oggi, tecnologie libere? E perché, nonostante >> l'esistenza di Paolo, la situazione... non soltanto "non migliora" ma --come >> ampiamento scritto da chi addirittura ha preceduto me e Paolo-- "peggiora" >> [4]? > > **UNO** dei motivi e' che, citandomi (2006, ma lo dicevo gia' da 7/8 > anni..) > >> Real people don’t want to live in “a world where software doesn’t >> suck”. They want to live in a world where they can ignore what >> software is. > > https://stop.zona-m.net/2006/11/a-free-software-manifesto-for-all-of-us/ > > e invece da almeno vent'anni troppi hacker che uniti avrebbero potuto > costituire una massa critica perfettamente in grado di diffondere le > conoscenze piu' urgenti che hai descritto splendidamente (grazie!) > nell'altra tua email: > >> *NON* sto parlando né di ECDL [3] né di imparare a programmare) > > hanno, sicuramente in buona fede ma di fatto avvelenando i pozzi, > continuato a insistere (*) che tutti devono prima di ogni altra cosa e > senza compromessi, rifiutarsi di usare software non-GPL e imparare a > programmare che tanto e' bello, dai, potete farlo anche voi. > > Con i risultati di cui sopra, perche' tutti quelli a cui per > convincersi bastavano gli argomenti (intrinsecamente validissimi) del > Manifesto GNU sono 1 su 10mila, e quelli son stati gia' tutti > raggiunti e convertiti da un pezzo. > > Per dire, se 15/20 anni fa ci fosse stata una convergenza su ODF, un > pretendere di tutti gli attivisti e sostenitori di GPL, SW libero > eccetera, che ODF fosse l'UNICO formato utilizzabile da e con le PA, > invece di perder tempo a chiedere i sorgenti di MS Office, magari oggi > pure nelle scuole la situazione sarebbe un pochino migliore. > > Perche' certe campagne avrebbero sicuramente aumentato la competenza > generale urgente, quella che non e' "né di ECDL né imparare a > programmare" > > Marco > (*) no, TANTI non lo facevano esplicitamente. Ma di sicuro e' quello > l'effetto che avevano / hanno sulle masse > -- > https://mfioretti.substack.com

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