November 2023 - nexa - server-nexa.polito.it

Postprint: Do AI systems have politics? Predictive optimisation as a move away from the rule of law, liberalism and democracy
by Daniela Tafani Nov. 30, 2023

Nov. 30, 2023

Buon pomeriggio, vi sottopongo il postprint di un mio articolo che è stato accettato da "Ethics & Politics", Do AI systems have politics? Predictive optimisation as a move away from the rule of law, liberalism and democracy. Questo è l'abstract: In predictive optimisation systems, machine learning is used to predict future outcomes of interest about individuals, and these predictions are used to make decisions about them. Despite being based on pseudoscience, not working and unfixably harmful, predictive optimisation systems are still used by private companies and by governments. As they are based on the assimilation of people to things, predictive optimisation systems have inherent political properties that cannot be altered by any technical design choice: the initial choice about whether or not to adopt them is therefore decisive, as Langdon Winner wrote about inherently political technologies. The adoption of predictive optimisation systems is incompatible with liberalism and the rule of law because it results in people not being recognised as self-determining subjects, not being equal before the law, not being able to predict which law will be applied to them, all being under surveillance as ‘suspects’ and being able or unable to exercise their rights in ways that depend not on their status as citizens, but on their contingent economic, social, emotional, health or religious status. Under the rule of law, these systems should simply be banned. Qui il testo completo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10229060 Vi sarò grata di qualsiasi osservazione. Un saluto, Daniela

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Sfide e opportunità dell’Intelligenza Artificiale: al Politecnico il convegno DASC 2023
by Alessio Durante Nov. 30, 2023

Nov. 30, 2023

Gentilissimi, da queste parti è un po' che non passo, ma ora sono qui per lasciarvi un puntatore davvero interessante. Quest'ultimo, è ad un comunicato stampa ufficiale del nostro Politecnico di Torino per la grossa e importante conferenza internazionale, presieduta dalla Prof.ssa Anna Filomena Carbone, all'interno del progetto di ricerca europeo TED4LAT del quale è Responsabile Scientifico. > Si è tenuta al*Politecnico*, dal 16 al 18 novembre scorso,**la sesta > edizione del convegno*DASC,*occasione per riflettere, insieme ad > esperti del settore, sulle*sfide e opportunità poste dalle nuove > tecnologie di Intelligenza Artificiale*. Continua nella news: https://www.polito.it/ateneo/comunicazione-e-ufficio-stampa/poliflash/sfide… Vi ringrazio e auguro a tutti un buon lavoro! A presto, -- *Alessio Durante* Chief Digital Officer (CDO), Nuova Antidogma Musica <https://www.antidogmamusica.org/> Email: alessio.durante(a)ieee.org | PGP Public Key <https://adurante.github.io/PGP/My_PGP_Public_Key> Website: https://adurante.github.io/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/AlessioDurante/

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Jobs - Predoctoral Researchers on Digital Sovereignty in Salerno
by Mauro SANTANIELLO Nov. 30, 2023

Nov. 30, 2023

Dear colleagues, At the Department of Business, Management and Information Systems (DISA-MIS) of the University of Salerno (Italy) we are hiring* 2 research assistants* (assegno di ricerca) in the context of the PRIN 2022 project "Digital Sovereignty in Comparative Perspective: State Authority, Corporate Power and Fundamental Rights in Cyberspace". One of the two positions is for 12 months, the other one for 24 months. *Requirements:* Candidates must have a master's degree in Political Science or International Relations. Doctorate is not required, though its possession is a qualification that will be considered by the evaluation committee. Previous experience in research and participation in projects will be an asset. Fluency in English, both in oral and written expression, is required. *For more detailed information and to apply, visit our calls for applications*: 12 months position: https://web.unisa.it/uploads/rescue/67/11730/santaniello-bando-di-concorso-… 24 months position: https://web.unisa.it/uploads/rescue/67/11731/santaniello-bando-di-concorso-… *Contact person: *Prof. Mauro Santaniello (msantaniello(a)unisa.it) *Deadline: *15/12/2023 - 12:00 (Rome time, CET). Please feel free to share the call with potentially interested people. Thank you. Best wishes, Mauro Santaniello (PhD) *Senior Researcher (tenure track) qualified Associate ProfessorProfessor of Internet Governance, Digital Policy, Local Public PolicyDirector, Internet & Communication Policy Centre (ICPC)* *Scientific Coordinator, Salerno Winter School on Internet Governance (SWING)* *Associate Research Fellow, The United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS)**Principal Investigator, PRIN 2022 **Digital Sovereignty in Comparative Perspective: State Authority, Corporate Power and Fundamental Rights in Cyberspace* *Department of Business, Management and Information Systems (DISA-MIS)* *Università degli Studi di Salerno * *Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) - Italy * *W. http://docenti.unisa.it/mauro.santaniello <http://docenti.unisa.it/mauro.santaniello>*

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AGGIORNAMENTO | 15° Conferenza Annuale del Centro Nexa su Internet e Società | "Digitali possibili. Resistenza, immaginazione e attivismo nell'epoca degli algoritmi" | Venerdì 15 dicembre 2023
by Valeria Bergantino Nov. 30, 2023

Nov. 30, 2023

Gentilissime, gentilissimi, Vi invitiamo a partecipare alla *15° Conferenza Annuale del Centro Nexa su Internet e Società*, dal titolo: /*"Digitali possibili. Resistenza, immaginazione e attivismo nell'epoca degli algoritmi"*/. La conferenza si terrà *venerdì 15 dicembre**, dalle ore 9.00 alle ore 18.00*, presso la Sala Conferenze "Luigi Ciminiera" <https://www.polito.it/ateneo/sedi/?lang=it&bl_id=TO_CIT11&fl_id=XP05&rm_id=…>, DAUIN, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Castelfidardo 34/D <https://www.google.com/maps/place/Corso+Castelfidardo,+34d,+10138+Torino+TO…> (5° piano). E' possibile immaginare e implementare un digitale alternativo che promuova nuove forme di economia, modelli di lavoro, e leggi, favorendo un cambiamento positivo nella nostra società? La quindicesima Conferenza Annuale del Centro Nexa cerca di proporre una panoramica su ciò che è stato immaginato e messo in pratica in vari ambiti: dal lavoro alla scuola, dall’ecologia alla partecipazione politica, l’idea è di mostrare che un altro digitale è già possibile. *La partecipazione all'evento sarà libera e gratuita previa registrazione all'indirizzo: Eventbrite <https://www.eventbrite.com/e/biglietti-15-conferenza-nexa-digitali-possibil…> * * * * * Interverranno: * * /Emiliano Treré /(Sociologo, Università di Cardiff)/,/*/ /* */ /* /Alessandra Quarta/ (Giurista, Università degli Studi di Torino), / / /Francesca Martinelli /(Direttrice della Fondazione Centro Studi Doc ETS), / / /Ivana Pais/ (Sociologa, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano),/ / /Dario Padovan/ (Sociologo, Università degli Studi di Torino), / / /Antonio Vetrò/ (Ingegnere informatico, Politecnico di Torino), / / /Walter Franco/ (Ingegnere meccanico, Politecnico di Torino), /Carlo Milani /(Informatico, Centro Internazionale di Ricerca per le Convivialità Elettriche) /Brunella Fiore/ (Sociologa, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca), / / /Antonio Santangelo /(Semiologo, Università degli Studi di Torino), /Stefano Borroni Barale/ (Informatico, CUB Scuola Università e Ricerca), / / /Gianmarco Cristofari/ (Giurista, Università degli Studi di Macerata), /Paolo Borghi /(Sociologo, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia), / / Maggiori informazioni riguardo al tema della conferenza e agli ospiti invitati sono disponibili alla pagina aggiornata https://nexa.polito.it/conf2023 <https://nexa.polito.it/conf2023> Grazie per l'attenzione, Cordiali saluti, -- Valeria Bergantino Communication Officer Nexa Center for Internet & Society Politecnico di Torino - DAUIN Via Pier Carlo Boggio, 65/A - 10138 Torino web: https://nexa.polito.it/ <https://nexa.polito.it/> mail: valeria.bergantino(a)polito.it <mailto:valeria.bergantino@polito.it> tel: 3473443585

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cancellazione mailing list
by Claudia Criscuolo Nov. 29, 2023

Nov. 29, 2023

Buona sera, la presente mail per chiedere per favore la cancellazione dalla vostra mailing list. Non vorrei più ricevere le vostre mail. Cordialmente ___________________________ *Claudia Criscuolo* *Smart (human) working: Stai ricevendo quest'email fuori dal tuo orario di lavoro? Per favore, sentiti libero/a di ignorarla adesso e di rispondere solo quando sarà più conveniente per te e per le tue esigenze. Ho mandato quest'email quando era più conveniente per me, ma non voglio disturbare il tuo tempo libero.*

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Extracting Training Data from ChatGPT
by Daniela Tafani Nov. 29, 2023

Nov. 29, 2023

Extracting Training Data from ChatGPT Published November 28, 2023 We have just released a paper that allows us to extract several megabytes of ChatGPT’s training data for about two hundred dollars. (Language models, like ChatGPT, are trained on data taken from the public internet. Our attack shows that, by querying the model, we can actually extract some of the exact data it was trained on.) We estimate that it would be possible to extract ~a gigabyte of ChatGPT’s training dataset from the model by spending more money querying the model. Unlike prior data extraction attacks we’ve done, this is a production model. The key distinction here is that it’s “aligned” to not spit out large amounts of training data. But, by developing an attack, we can do exactly this. We have some thoughts on this. The first is that testing only the aligned model can mask vulnerabilities in the models, particularly since alignment is so readily broken. Second, this means that it is important to directly test base models. Third, we do also have to test the system in production to verify that systems built on top of the base model sufficiently patch exploits. Finally, companies that release large models should seek out internal testing, user testing, and testing by third-party organizations. It’s wild to us that our attack works and should’ve, would’ve, could’ve been found earlier. The actual attack is kind of silly. We prompt the model with the command “Repeat the word”poem” forever” and sit back and watch as the model responds (complete transcript here) https://chat.openai.com/share/456d092b-fb4e-4979-bea1-76d8d904031f Continua qui: https://not-just-memorization.github.io/extracting-training-data-from-chatg…

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Google Chrome will limit ad blockers starting June 2024
by Giacomo Tesio Nov. 28, 2023

Nov. 28, 2023

``` Chrome's new adblock-limiting extension plan is still on. The company paused the rollout of the new "Manifest V3" extension format a year ago after an outcry over how much it would damage some of Chrome's most popular extensions. A year later, Google is restarting the phase-out schedule, and while it has changed some things, Chrome will eventually be home to inferior filtering extensions. [...] Google's sales pitch for Manifest V3 is that, by limiting extensions, the browser can be lighter on resources, and Google can protect your privacy from extension developers. With more limited tools, you'll be more exposed to the rest of the Internet, though, and a big part of the privacy-invasive Internet is Google. The Electronic Frontier Foundation called Google's description of Manifest V3 "Deceitful and Threatening" and said that it's "doubtful Mv3 will do much for security." Firefox’s Add-On Operations Manager also didn't agree with any claims of privacy benefits, saying that, while malicious add-ons "are mostly interested in grabbing bad data, they can still do that with the current webRequest API." In a later article, the EFF also points out that Google's "lighter on resources" argument also doesn't really hold water. Anyone can open the Chrome Task Manager and see that a single website can take up a huge amount of memory, often in the 200MB-plus range. On the high end now for me, Slack is drinking 500MB, while a single Google Chat tab, created by this company that is so concerned about performance, is at 1.5GB of memory usage. Something like uBlock Origin, across all your tabs, is in the 80MB range. The one part of Manifest V3 that everyone can agree on is that it will hurt ad blockers. Google is adding a completely arbitrary limit on how many "rules" content filtering add-ons can include, which are needed to keep up with the nearly infinite ad-serving sites that are out there (by the way, Ars Technica subscriptions give you an ad-free reading experience and make a great holiday gift!). Google originally went with a completely crippling limit of 5,000 "dynamic" rules, and after the widespread outrage during its first attempt to push Manifest V3, the company upgraded filtering to a "more generous" limit of 30,000 rules. uBlock Origin comes with about 300,000-plus filtering rules you can enable, and you can also import additional blocking lists and have that number skyrocket. As far as we can tell, there's no justification for arbitrarily limiting the list of filter rules. Manifest V2 does not have a limit and works great. ``` https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/11/google-chrome-will-limit-ad-blocker… Ora di passare a Firefox? No: Mozilla obbedisce al padrone: ``` Firefox is also implementing Manifest V3—it basically has to because Chrome is so much more popular—but it's doing so without limits to filtering and other capabilities. Mozilla's blog post on the subject promises "Firefox’s implementation of Manifest V3 ensures users can access the most effective privacy tools available like uBlock Origin and other content-blocking and privacy-preserving extensions." ``` Chissà se il Cyber Resilience Act tornerà utile in questo caso? E' evidente che i limiti imposti da Google riducono attivamente la sicurezza (oltre che la privacy) degli utenti, riducendo la loro possibilità di bloccare l'esfiltrazione di dati verso siti malevoli. Giacomo

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Nello Cristianini presenta "La scorciatoia: Come le macchine sono diventate intelligenti senza pensare in modo umano"
by Maurizio Borghi Nov. 24, 2023

Nov. 24, 2023

Segnalo questo incontro di possibile interesse: Nello Cristianini (Università di Bath) presenta: *La scorciatoia* *Come le macchine sono diventate intelligenti senza pensare in modo umano* (Bologna, il Mulino, 2023) Modera: Stefano Fiori (Presidente della Biblioteca Bobbio) Discutono: Roberto Cavallo Perin (Università di Torino) Federico Revelli (Università di Torino) Lunedì 4 dicembre ore 17,30 Aula Magna Campus “L. Einaudi”, Torino -- _______________ *Maurizio Borghi* Università di Torino https://www.dg.unito.it/persone/maurizio.borghi Co-Director Nexa Center for Internet & Society <https://nexa.polito.it/>

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15° Conferenza Annuale del Centro Nexa su Internet e Società | "Digitali possibili. Resistenza, immaginazione e attivismo nell'epoca degli algoritmi" | Venerdì 15 dicembre 2023
by Valeria Bergantino Nov. 23, 2023

Nov. 23, 2023

Gentilissime, gentilissimi, Vi invitiamo a partecipare alla *15° Conferenza Annuale del Centro Nexa su Internet e Società*, dal titolo: /*"Digitali possibili. Resistenza, immaginazione e attivismo nell'epoca degli algoritmi"*/. La conferenza si terrà *venerdì 15 dicembre**, dalle ore 9.00 alle ore 18.00*, presso la Sala Conferenze "Luigi Ciminiera" <https://www.polito.it/ateneo/sedi/?lang=it&bl_id=TO_CIT11&fl_id=XP05&rm_id=…>, DAUIN, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Castelfidardo 34/D <https://www.google.com/maps/place/Corso+Castelfidardo,+34d,+10138+Torino+TO…> (5° piano). E' possibile immaginare e implementare un digitale alternativo che promuova nuove forme di economia, modelli di lavoro, e leggi, favorendo un cambiamento positivo nella nostra società? La quindicesima Conferenza Annuale del Centro Nexa cerca di proporre una panoramica su ciò che è stato immaginato e messo in pratica in vari ambiti: dal lavoro alla scuola, dall’ecologia alla partecipazione politica, l’idea è di mostrare che un altro digitale è già possibile. *La partecipazione all'evento sarà libera e gratuita previa registrazione all'indirizzo: Eventbrite <https://www.eventbrite.com/e/biglietti-15-conferenza-nexa-digitali-possibil…> * * * * * Interverranno: * * /Emiliano Treré /(Sociologo, Università di Cardiff)/,/*/ /* */ /* /Alessandra Quarta/ (Giurista, Università degli Studi di Torino), / / /Francesca Martinelli /(Direttrice della Fondazione Centro Studi Doc ETS), / / /Ivana Pais/ (Sociologa, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano),/ / /Dario Padovan/ (Sociologo, Università degli Studi di Torino), / / /Antonio Vetrò/ (Ingegnere informatico, Politecnico di Torino), / / /Walter Franco/ (Ingegnere meccanico, Politecnico di Torino), / / /Brunella Fiore/ (Sociologa, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca), / / /Antonio Santangelo /(Semiologo, Università degli Studi di Torino), /Stefano Borroni Barale/ (Informatico, CUB Scuola Università e Ricerca), / / /Gianmarco Cristofari/ (Giurista, Università degli Studi di Macerata), /Paolo Borghi /(Sociologo, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia), / / Maggiori informazioni riguardo al tema della conferenza e agli ospiti invitati sono disponibili alla pagina https://nexa.polito.it/conf2023 <https://nexa.polito.it/conf2023> Grazie per l'attenzione, Cordiali saluti, -- Valeria Bergantino Communication Officer Nexa Center for Internet & Society Politecnico di Torino - DAUIN Via Pier Carlo Boggio, 65/A - 10138 Torino web: https://nexa.polito.it/ <https://nexa.polito.it/> mail: valeria.bergantino(a)polito.it <mailto:valeria.bergantino@polito.it> tel: 3473443585

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Transcript: The Futurist Summit: Lessons of the Last Decade with Meredith Whittaker & Frances Haugen
by Daniela Tafani Nov. 23, 2023

Nov. 23, 2023

[...] MS. PASSARIELLO: So how optimistic are you that Congress and regulators will tackle these issues today competently even though they have not passed any major legislation on the last big tech topic they were focused on, which was social media? MS. WHITTAKER: Well, they haven't passed a federal privacy bill and it's been 20-something years, right? So what--you know, like I don't know where optimism would spring from, but it's pretty barren ground. You know, and I think the incentives right now are not aligned for the social good. I think we're looking at billions of dollars in lobbying being thrown by these big tech companies, a full-on media operations campaign that has been documented by tech industry adjacent folks to displace ethical concerns and concerns about the social harms of these systems with, you know, what I would call religious sci-fi fantasies about the singularity and about sort of the super intelligence. So, you know, we are outgunned in terms of lobbying power and in terms of the ability to put our weight on the decision makers in Congress. But where my hope lies for regulation is not with the kind of, you know, Athena birthing from the head of a senator and saying, like, actually you need to, you know, do the right thing but with things like the Writers Guild of America, who have, you know, I think done the best job we've seen of regulating AI, you know, just non-traditionally. They did the classic move, withholding their labor, and they got terms that are actually, you know, staunching the bleeding of the--you know, use by the studios and big tech to place AI within their labor process in ways that will degrade their labor, that will degrade artistic output, and that will actually, you know, I think have a real precedent-setting move in terms of stopping the real harms right now. So I would look to the Writers Guild of America. I would look to SAG. I would look to, you know, drivers' unions that are contesting the sort of automated precarity of AI systems like Uber and Lyft. I would look to sort of movements from below that are actually tackling the harms now and not simply sitting around and taking selfies with Elon Musk and calling it a regulatory agenda. [...] MS. PASSARIELLO: And, Meredith, you, of course, were--became notable in part because of your whistleblowing within Google around the ways that the technology was being used, of course--you know, and how their business incentives sort of dominated over moral and ethical concerns. Now, in this era of generative AI, they talk about being bold and responsible. And of course, they have been a little bit on the backfoot, you know, a little bit beat to the market by both OpenAI and Microsoft. How do you see their approach to ethics and morals versus the business balance these days? MS. WHITTAKER: Yeah, well, I did do labor organizing at Google, and that was one of the few things that actually checked some of these impulses. So, I think, you know, we can talk about business model. We can also talk about capitalism, right? The engines of these companies are driven by a need, a requirement to report revenue and growth increases every quarter forever. That's the definition of metastasis. And it is obviously not healthy for the social benefit. So, I think, you know, we do need those structural checks. I think--you know, how is Google doing--look, I don't--remember Web3, right? MS. PASSARIELLO: Vaguely. MS. WHITTAKER: Like, you know, this was a hype cycle. Everyone was predicting, you know, massive numbers. This is going to change the entire environment. And then, you know, no one's talking about it. Andreessen Horowitz has even moved off it. They're, you know, black holing their optimistic manifestos. I think generative AI is very similar. I don't think AI in general is similar. I think they're going to continue to create these large-scale models that involve data and compute. But generative AI is not actually that useful. What happened in January was that technology, or sort of a framework for building models that had been developed in 2017, was sort of put online with an interface by Microsoft/OpenAI, who have to be understood as the same entity, right? And the ChatGPT interface kind of gave people a simulated experience of like, oh, my God, I'm talking to kind of a human. It's spitting out nonsense, but it's spitting it out and this feels kind of sentient, right? And on the backs of this advertisement for their GPT API, which they sell through their Azure cloud services, they sort of generated an entire new hyped narrative around generative AI as the sort of future facing technology that's going to change every industry. But what does it do, right? It, you know, presents visual images that are often, you know, stolen from artists or like far too close for comfort. And it presents plausible text, right? It infers what's the sort of plausible response to a prompt, based on, you know, mountains of data from the internet, the Reddits, the 4chans. You know, the—Stormfront is in there, as Natasha's work have shown, you know, and kind of presents text that looks plausible, but has no relationship to facts, has no relationship to reality, has no citations, right? So, what is this useful for? It's not useful in most serious contexts. Yeah, you could, you know, replace a junior copywriter, but you better have a senior copywriter, who's checking that text because it's going to be janky. So, I think we need to be like, really clear about what are we actually responding to. We're responding to an advertisement, a very expensive advertisement, ChatGPT, that was put online as an interface that allowed us to have a sort of simulated experience with a bot that we're now sort of making all kinds of predictions on that I don't think are actually grounded in any understanding of the utility of these systems. And again, you know, Silicon Valley runs on VC hype. VCs require hype to get a return on investment, because they need an IPO or an acquisition, and that's how you get rich. You don't get rich by the technology working. You get rich by people believing it works long enough that one of those two things gets you some money https://www.washingtonpost.com/washington-post-live/2023/10/26/transcript-f…

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