of countries that have postponed or discontinued electronic voting include Ireland,15 the Netherlands,16 France,17 Finland18 and Germany.19 In the Netherlands in 2017, the government also decided to return to counting votes by hand instead of the electronic counting due to cybersecurity concerns.20 Examples of countries that make use of electronic voting technology include Estonia21 and Belgium22.
Taking into consideration that, as noted above, the roll- out of electronic voting has been either discontinued or postponed in a number of Member States, the cybersecurity risk level in relation to the voting process is considered medium. This cybersecurity risk level is likely to be higher in countries where e-voting systems are being implemented. A distinction should also be made between online and offline e-voting systems, where the former is likely to entail a higher cybersecurity risk level than the latter. "