Retraction Note to: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y, published online 06 May 2025
The Editor has decided to retract this article due to concerns relating to discrepancies in the meta‑analysis. These concerns were initially raised by Magnus Ingebrigtsen and Marko Lukic. Taken together, the identified issues undermine the Editor’s confidence in the validity of the analysis and the conclusions drawn from it. The authors have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction.