Begin forwarded message:
From: "Sean Flynn" <sflynn@wcl.american.edu> Date: 29 ottobre 2010 03.48.01 GMT+02.00 To: <a2k@lists.keionline.org> Subject: [A2k] 75+ Profs Call on Obama to Halt ACTA
Over 75 Law Profs have signed a sharply worded letter to president Obama calling for the opening of the process for considering ACTA.
The letter calls on the President to "direct the USTR to halt its public endorsement of ACTA and subject the text to a meaningful participation process that can influence the shape of the agreement going forward."
The original letter was drafted and circulated by
Chris Sprigman, University of Virginia, 434-249-4345
Dave Levine, Elon University, 336-279-9298
Sean Flynn, American University, 202-294-5749
This afternoon at a public consultation on ACTA and the right to health, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to health commented that the process for creating acta appears to violate international human rights obligations for ensuring participation in law making affecting access to medicines and other health issues.
Blog version:
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/go/blog-post/over-70-law-profs-call-for-ha...
President Barack Obama 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20500
Dear President Obama:
As academics dedicated to promoting robust public debate on the laws and public policies affecting the Internet, intellectual property, global innovation policy and the worldwide trade in knowledge goods and services, we write to express our grave concern that your Administration is negotiating a far-reaching international intellectual property agreement behind a shroud of secrecy, with little opportunity for public input, and with active participation by special interests who stand to gain from restrictive new international rules that may harm the public interest.
Your Administration promised to change the way Washington works. You promised to bring increased truthfulness and transparency to our public policy and law, including the Freedom of Information Act. You promised that wherever possible, important policy decisions would be made in public view, and not as the result of secret special interest deals hidden from the American people.
Your Administration's negotiation of ACTA has been conducted in stark contrast to every one of these promises. In the interest of brevity, we'll focus here on the three principal ways in which your Administration's negotiation of ACTA undercuts the credibility of your previous promises.
First, ACTA's negotiation has been conducted behind closed doors, subject to intense but needless secrecy, with the public shut out and a small group of special interests very much involved. The United States Trade Representative (USTR) has been involved in negotiations relating to ACTA for several years, and there have been drafts of portions of the agreement circulating among the negotiators since the start of negotiations. Despite that, the first official release of a draft text took place only in April, 2010. And following that release the USTR has not held a single public on-the-record meeting to invite comments on the text. Worse, in every subsequent meeting of the negotiating parties, the U.S. has blocked the public release of updated text. The U.S. often has acted alone in banning the distribution of the revised text, contrary to the strong majority view of other negotiating partners to promote public inspection and comment. Because the negotiations have operated on a consensus basis, the U.S. vote against transparency has been dispositive.
This degree of secrecy is unacceptable, unwise, and directly undercuts your oft-repeated promises of openness and transparency. Rather than seeking meaningful public input from the outset, your Administration has allowed the bulk of the public debate to be based upon, at best, hearsay and speculation. Yet, ACTA is a trade agreement setting out a range of new international rules governing intellectual property; as the G-8 called it, a "new international framework." It is not (the claims of the USTR notwithstanding) related in any way to any standard definition of "national security" or any other interest of the United States similarly pressing or sensitive. The Administration's determination to hide ACTA from the public creates the impression that ACTA is precisely the kind of backroom special interest deal - undertaken in this case on behalf of a narrow group of U.S. content producers, and without meaningful input from the American public - that you have so often publicly opposed.
Second, the Administration has stated that ACTA will be negotiated and implemented not as a treaty, but as a sole executive agreement. We believe that this course may be unlawful, and it is certainly unwise.
Now that a near-final version of the ACTA text has been released, it is clear that ACTA would usurp congressional authority over intellectual property policy in a number of ways. Some of ACTA's provisions fail to explicitly incorporate current congressional policy, particularly in the areas of damages and injunctions. Other sections lock in substantive law that may not be well-adapted to the present context, much less the future. And in other areas, the agreement may complicate legislative efforts to solve widely recognized policy dilemmas, including in the area of orphan works, patent reform, secondary copyright liability and the creation of incentives for innovation in areas where the patent system may not be adequate. The agreement is also likely to affect courts' interpretation of U.S. law.
The use of a sole executive agreement for ACTA appears unconstitutional. The President may only make sole executive agreements that are within his independent constitutional authority. The President has no independent constitutional authority over intellectual property or communications policy, the core subjects of ACTA. To the contrary, the Constitution gives primary authority over these matters to Congress, which is charged with making laws that regulate foreign commerce and intellectual property. ACTA should not be pursued further without congressional oversight and a meaningful opportunity for public debate.
The USTR has insisted that ACTA's provisions are merely procedural and only about enforcing existing rights. These assertions are simply false. Nearly 100 international intellectual property experts from six continents gathered in Washington, DC in June, 2010 to analyze the potential public interest impacts of the officially released text. Those experts - joined by over 650 other experts and organizations - found that "the terms of the publicly released draft of ACTA threaten numerous public interests, including every concern specifically disclaimed by negotiators." The expert statement notes that:
* Negotiators claim ACTA will not interfere with citizens' fundamental rights and liberties; it will. * They claim ACTA is consistent with the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); it is not. * They claim ACTA will not increase border searches or interfere with cross-border transit of legitimate generic medicines; it will. * And they claim that ACTA does not require "graduated response" disconnections of people from the internet; however, the agreement encourages such policies.
Academics and other neutral intellectual property experts have not had time to sufficiently analyze the current text and are unlikely to do so as long as there is no open public forum to submit such analysis in a meaningful process. Rather than create such a forum, the USTR has released text accompanied by the announcement that the negotiations are finished and the time for public comment, which was never granted in the first instance, is over. This is not meaningful, real-time transparency, and it is certainly not the kind of accountability that we were expecting from your Administration. We know enough to know that ACTA's provisions are of significant interest to the general public, because they touch upon a wide range of public interests and are likely to alter the substantive law governing U.S. citizens. It is clear that before ACTA negotiations proceed further, Congress must be involved.
Third, and finally, we are concerned that the purpose that animates ACTA is being deliberately misrepresented to the American people. The treaty is named the "Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement". But it has little to do with counterfeiting or controlling the international trade in counterfeit goods. Rather, this agreement would enact much more encompassing changes in the international rules governing trade in a wide variety of knowledge goods - whether they are counterfeit or not - and would establish new intellectual property rules and norms without systematic inquiry into effects of such development on economic and technical innovation in the U.S. or abroad. These norms will affect virtually every American and should be the subject of wide public debate.
Our conclusion is simple: Any agreement of this scope and consequence must be based on a broad and meaningful consultative process, in public, on the record and with open on-going access to proposed negotiating text and must reflect a full range of public interest concerns. For the reasons detailed above, the ACTA negotiations fail to meet these standards.
While you cannot go back in time, you still have the opportunity to allow for meaningful public input, even at this late date. Accordingly, we call on you to direct the USTR to halt its public endorsement of ACTA and subject the text to a meaningful participation process that can influence the shape of the agreement going forward. Specifically, we call on you to direct USTR to:
1. Signal to other negotiators that the U.S. will not sign ACTA before the conclusion of a meaningful public participation process and another round of official negotiations where public participation is encouraged; 2. Hold a meaningful open, on-the-record public hearing on the draft text, the results of which will be used to determine what proposed changes to the agreement the administration will propose; 3. Renounce its position that the agreement is a "sole executive agreement" that can tie Congressional authority to amend intellectual property laws without congressional approval and instead pledge to seek congressional approval of the final text; 4. Consider reforms to the USTR's industry trade advisory committee (ITAC) process that would allow for a wide range of official advisors; 5. Propose new language for the creation of the ACTA Committee that would require open, transparent and inclusive participation that takes into account the viewpoints of other stakeholders, including inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) and non-governmental organizations, in line with the principles of the World Intellectual Property Organization's development agenda.
Signed,
Brook Baker Northeastern University School of Law
Derek E. Bambauer Brooklyn Law School
Mark Bartholomew University at Buffalo Law School
Barton Beebe New York University School of Law
Yochai Benkler Harvard Law School
Heidi Bond Seattle University
Denis Borges Barbosa Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro James Boyle Duke University School of Law
Annemarie Bridy University of Idaho School of Law
Dan L. Burk University of California, Irvine
Diane Cabell Berkman Center, Harvard University
Michael A. Carrier Rutgers Law School-Camden
Michael Carroll American University Washington College of Law
Brian W. Carver UC Berkeley School of Information
Colleen Chien Santa Clara University School of Law
Andrew Chin University of North Carolina School of Law
Margaret Chon Seattle University School of Law
Susan Crawford Cardozo Law School
Michael Davis CSU College of Law
Alexander S. Dent The George Washington University
Alex Feerst Stanford Law School Center for Internet & Society
Giusella Finocchiaro University of Bologna
William Fisher Harvard Law School
Sean Flynn American University Washington College of Law
Dave Fagundes Southwestern Law School
Jon M. Garon Hamline University School of Law
Michael Geist University of Ottawa School of Law
James Gibson University of Richmond
Shubha Ghosh University of Wisconsin School of Law
Debora J. Halbert University of Hawai`i at Manoa
Robert A. Heverly Albany Law School of Union University
Cynthia Ho Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Dan Hunter New York University School of Law
Peter Jaszi American University Washington College of Law
David R. Johnson New York Law School
Amy Kapczynski UC Berkeley School of Law
Alex Leavitt Comparative Media Studies, MIT
Lawrence Lessig Harvard Law School
David Levine Elon University School of Law
Jake Linford Florida State University College of Law
Michael J. Madison University of Pittsburgh School of Law
Mark McKenna Notre Dame Law School
Hiram Meléndez-Juarbe University of Puerto Rico Law School
Gabriel J. Michael The George Washington University
Viva R. Moffat University of Denver College of Law
Michael R. Morris University of Edinburgh
Ira Nathenson St. Thomas University School of Law
Tyler Ochoa Santa Clara University School of Law
Kevin Outterson Boston University
Dr Luigi Palombi Australian National University
Frank Pasquale Seton Hall School of Law
Malla Pollack co-author, Callmann on Unfair Competition
Kenneth L. Port William Mitchell College of Law
David G. Post Beasley School of Law, Temple University
Srividhya Ragavan University of Oklahoma College of Law
R. Anthony Reese UC Irvine School of Law
Jerome H. Reichman Duke Law School
Betsy Rosenblatt Whittier Law School
Patrick S. Ryan University of Colorado at Boulder
Pam Samuelson UC Berkeley School of Law
Jason M. Schultz UC Berkeley School of Law
Susan K. Sell The George Washington University
Jessica Silbey Suffolk University Law School
Brenda Reddix-Smalls North Carolina Central University School of Law
Christopher Sprigman University of Virginia School of Law
Elizabeth Stark Yale University
Katherine Strandburg New York University School of Law
Talha Syed UC Berkeley - Boalt Hall
Deborah Tussey Oklahoma City University School of Law
Jennifer M. Urban UC Berkeley - Boalt Hall
Yousuf A Vawda University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
Jonathan Weinberg Wayne State University
Darryl C. Wilson Stetson University College of Law
Jane K. Winn University of Washington School of Law
Mark Wojcik John Marshall Law School
Peter K. Yu Drake University Law School
Diane L. Zimmerman New York University School of Law
Jonathan Zittrain Harvard Law School CC:
The Honorable Max Baucus Chairman Senate Committee on Finance
The Honorable Chuck Grassley Ranking Member Senate Committee on Finance
The Honorable Ron Wyden Chairman Senate Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness
The Honorable Mike Crapo Ranking Member Senate Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness
The Honorable Sander Levin Acting Chairman House Way and Means Committee
The Honorable Dave Camp Ranking Member House Ways and Means Committee
The Honorable John S. Tanner Acting Chairman House Ways and Means Committee Subcommittee on Trade
The Honorable Kevin Brady House Ways and Means Committee Subcommittee on Trade
The Honorable Patrick Leahy Chairman Senate Committee on the Judiciary
The Honorable Jeff Sessions Ranking Member Senate Committee on the Judiciary
The Honorable John Conyers, Jr. Chairman House Committee on the Judiciary
The Honorable Lamar Smith Ranking Member House Committee on the Judiciary
The Honorable Hillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of State
The Honorable Gary Locke Secretary of Commerce
Victoria Espinel U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator
David Kappos Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property Director, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Alan Hoffman Deputy Chief of Staff Office of the Vice President
Cameron F. Kerry General Counsel Department of Commerce
Geovette E. Washington Deputy General Counsel Department of Commerce
Marc Berejka Senior Policy Advisor Office of the Secretary Department of Commerce
Quentin Palfrey Deputy General Counsel for Strategic Initiatives Department of Commerce
Andrew McLaughlin Deputy Chief U.S. Technology Officer
Phil J. Weiser Deputy Assistant Attorney General Department of Justice
Miriam Sapiro Deputy U.S. Trade Representative
Lisa Garcia Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Intergovernmental Affairs
Daniel Weitzner Associate Administrator Office of Policy Analysis and Development
Andrew Reynolds Acting Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State
Sean Flynn Associate Director Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property American University Washington College of Law 202 274 4157 www.pijip.org
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